Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Finland.
Sleep. 2009 Nov;32(11):1459-66. doi: 10.1093/sleep/32.11.1459.
Changes in health following retirement are poorly understood. We used serial measurements to assess the effect of retirement on sleep disturbances.
Prospective cohort study.
The French national gas and electricity company.
Fourteen thousand seven hundred fourteen retired employees (79% men).
Annual survey measurements of sleep disturbances ranging from 7 years before to 7 years after retirement (a mean of 12 measurements). Before retirement 22.2% to 24.6% of participants reported having disturbed sleep. According to repeated-measures logistic-regression analysis with generalized estimating equations estimation, the odds ratio (OR) for having a sleep disturbance in the postretirement period was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.77), compared with having a sleep disturbance in the preretirement period. The postretirement improvement in sleep was more pronounced in men (OR 0.66 [0.63-0.69]) than in women (OR 0.89 [0.84-0.95]) and in higher-grade workers than lower-grade workers. Postretirement sleep improvement was explained by the combination of preretirement risk factors suggesting removal of work-related exposures as a mechanism. The only exception to the general improvement in sleep after retirement was related to retirement on health grounds. In this group of participants, there was an increase in sleep disturbances following retirement.
Repeated measurements provide strong evidence for a substantial and sustained decrease in sleep disturbances following retirement. The possibility that the health and well-being of individuals are significantly worse when in employment than following retirement presents a great challenge to improve the quality of work life in Western societies in which the cost of the aging population can only be met through an increase in average retirement age.
退休后健康状况的变化尚不清楚。我们使用连续测量来评估退休对睡眠障碍的影响。
前瞻性队列研究。
法国国有天然气和电力公司。
14714 名退休员工（79%为男性）。
睡眠障碍的年度调查测量值，范围从退休前 7 年到退休后 7 年（平均 12 次测量）。退休前，22.2%至 24.6%的参与者报告有睡眠障碍。根据重复测量的逻辑回归分析，使用广义估计方程估计，与退休前相比，退休后出现睡眠障碍的比值比（OR）为 0.74（95%置信区间 0.71-0.77）。与退休前相比，退休后睡眠质量的改善在男性中更为明显（OR 0.66 [0.63-0.69]），而在女性中则不明显（OR 0.89 [0.84-0.95]），在高等级工人中更为明显，而在低等级工人中则不明显。退休后睡眠改善的原因是综合了退休前的危险因素，表明去除与工作相关的暴露是一种机制。退休后睡眠普遍改善的唯一例外是与因病退休有关。在这组参与者中，退休后睡眠障碍增加。
重复测量为退休后睡眠障碍显著且持续减少提供了有力证据。当个人的健康和福祉在工作中比退休后更差时，这对改善西方社会的工作生活质量提出了巨大挑战，在这些社会中，人口老龄化的成本只能通过提高平均退休年龄来满足。
