Pandey Ambarish, Patni Nivedita, Sarangi Sasmit, Singh Mansher, Sharma Kartavya, Vellimana Ananth K, Patra Somdutta
Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Tob Induc Dis. 2009 Nov 24;5(1):15. doi: 10.1186/1617-9625-5-15.
Tobacco consumption is a major source of mortality and morbidity in India . Prevalence of smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption in India is around 20%. Studies have shown increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and an increased incidence of adverse cardiovascular events among the ST consumers. This is a cross-sectional study done to look into the association of exclusive smokeless tobacco consumption with hypertension, in an adult male rural population of north India.
All male residents of a village in north India above 15 years of age, who did not have any acute or chronic morbidity were included after taking an informed consent. Subjects were interviewed regarding their demographic profile, socioeconomic status and tobacco consuming habits. Current smokeless tobacco user was defined as one who has ever consumed tobacco orally in past 1 month. Blood pressure of the subjects was also recorded. Cut offs used for systolic and diastolic hypertension were 140 mm hg and 90 mm Hg respectively.
443 subjects were included in the study. Prevalence of exclusive ST users was 21% while 19.4% consumed both forms and 26.6% did not take any form of tobacco. Mean systolic and diastolic BP were significantly higher in exclusive ST users(systolic BP=139.2+17.4,diastolic BP = 86.8+11.5)as compared to the non users(systolic BP= 135.7+18.8 , diastolic BP= 82.6 +11.5; p value < 0.05). The prevalence of diastolic hypertension was significantly higher in exclusive ST users as compared to non users ( 40.9%, 22.9% ;p value = 0.01) . The OR for diastolic hypertension in male ST users was 2.3( 95% C.I. = 1.3-4.3). Prevalence of systolic hypertension was higher in exclusive ST users too though this was not statistically significant (43%,36.4%;p value = 0.39.).
ST consumption is associated with increased prevalence of high BP in the adult male rural population.This is an indicator of increased predisposition to major adverse cardiac events later in their life time. Prevention of ST consumption could be an important intervention in preventing the ongoing upswing in prevalence of chronic heart disease.
在印度，烟草消费是导致死亡和发病的主要原因。印度无烟烟草（ST）的消费率约为20%。研究表明，无烟烟草消费者患心血管疾病风险因素的患病率增加，不良心血管事件的发生率也有所上升。这是一项横断面研究，旨在调查印度北部成年男性农村人口中单纯无烟烟草消费与高血压之间的关联。
在获得知情同意后，纳入印度北部一个村庄所有15岁以上且无任何急慢性疾病的男性居民。就受试者的人口统计学特征、社会经济状况和烟草消费习惯进行访谈。当前无烟烟草使用者定义为在过去1个月内曾有过口服烟草行为的人。同时记录受试者的血压。收缩压和舒张压高血压的临界值分别为140毫米汞柱和90毫米汞柱。
443名受试者纳入研究。单纯无烟烟草使用者的比例为21%，同时使用两种形式烟草的比例为19.4%，不使用任何形式烟草的比例为26.6%。与非使用者相比，单纯无烟烟草使用者的平均收缩压和舒张压显著更高（收缩压=139.2+17.4，舒张压=86.8+11.5），非使用者的收缩压=135.7+18.8，舒张压=82.6+11.5；p值<0.05）。与非使用者相比，单纯无烟烟草使用者的舒张压高血压患病率显著更高（40.9%，22.9%；p值=0.01）。男性无烟烟草使用者患舒张压高血压的OR值为2.3（95%置信区间=1.3-4.3）。单纯无烟烟草使用者的收缩压高血压患病率也较高，不过差异无统计学意义（43%，36.4%；p值=0.39）。
在成年男性农村人口中，无烟烟草消费与高血压患病率增加有关。这表明他们在晚年发生主要不良心脏事件的易感性增加。预防无烟烟草消费可能是预防慢性心脏病患病率持续上升的一项重要干预措施。
