National Center for Healthy Housing, 10320 Little Patuxent Pkway, Suite 500, Columbia, MD 21044, USA.
Environ Res. 2010 Feb;110(2):189-98. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.007. Epub 2009 Nov 24.
Housing conditions can contribute to allergen exposures that are linked to asthma, but little is known about which of those conditions are most likely to predict high levels of allergens in settled house dust.
We pooled allergen, housing condition, occupant behavior, demographic, and other data from nine asthma studies (n=950 homes in 6 US cities). Dust mite (Der f 1 or Der p 1), cockroach (Bla g 1 or Bla g 2), mouse (Mus m 1), cat (Fel d 1) and dog (Can f 1) allergens were measured in settled dust from kitchens or bedrooms, and concentrations were categorized according to previously published asthma symptom thresholds. We calculated odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression to identify those housing conditions and occupant behaviors that were associated with clinically significant allergen levels, after adjusting for numerous confounding variables.
The adjusted results show that high cockroach allergen was associated with cracks or holes in walls (OR=2.1), high dust mite allergen was associated with mold odor (OR=2.5), housing built before 1951 (OR=2.1), and single-family home with slab on grade (OR=1.9); and mouse allergen was associated with rodent control or signs of rodents (OR=3.62) and inversely associated with presence of a cat (OR=0.20). Water leaks and below average housekeeping had unadjusted high odds ratios for high cockroach allergen.
We have identified a number of housing conditions that are consistently associated with increased allergen dust concentrations. This study indicates that screening for housing-based asthma triggers should include presence of cats, dogs, cockroaches, or rodents; water leaks; mold or mold odor; holes or cracks in walls; and below average housekeeping. Single family houses that have basements or crawl spaces or are built before 1951 are also important predictors for increased allergens in housing.
住房条件可能会导致与哮喘有关的过敏原暴露，但人们对哪些条件最有可能预测定居房屋灰尘中高水平的过敏原知之甚少。
我们从 9 项哮喘研究（美国 6 个城市的 950 个家庭）中汇集了过敏原、住房条件、居住者行为、人口统计学和其他数据。从厨房或卧室的定居灰尘中测量尘螨（Der f 1 或 Der p 1）、蟑螂（Bla g 1 或 Bla g 2）、老鼠（Mus m 1）、猫（Fel d 1）和狗（Can f 1）过敏原，并根据先前发表的哮喘症状阈值对浓度进行分类。我们使用逻辑回归计算了比值比（OR），以确定在调整了许多混杂变量后，与临床显著过敏原水平相关的住房条件和居住者行为。
调整后的结果表明，高水平的蟑螂过敏原与墙壁裂缝或洞（OR=2.1）、高水平的尘螨过敏原与霉菌气味（OR=2.5）、建于 1951 年之前的住房（OR=2.1）和单层家庭与平板地基（OR=1.9）有关；而老鼠过敏原与啮齿动物控制或啮齿动物迹象（OR=3.62）有关，与猫的存在呈负相关（OR=0.20）。漏水和低于平均水平的房屋清洁有未经调整的高蟑螂过敏原比值比。
我们已经确定了一些与增加的过敏原灰尘浓度一致相关的住房条件。这项研究表明，筛查基于住房的哮喘触发因素应包括猫、狗、蟑螂或啮齿动物的存在；漏水；霉菌或霉菌气味；墙壁上的洞或裂缝；以及低于平均水平的房屋清洁。地下室或爬行空间的单层房屋或建于 1951 年之前的房屋也是房屋中过敏原增加的重要预测因素。
