Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011 Feb;21(2):94-103. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.012. Epub 2009 Nov 25.
Studies evaluating the effect of legume consumption on cholesterol have focused on soybeans, however non-soy legumes, such as a variety of beans, peas, and some seeds, are commonly consumed in Western countries. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of non-soy legume consumption on blood lipids.
Studies were retrieved by searching MEDLINE (from January 1966 through July 2009), EMBASE (from January 1980 to July 2009), and the Cochrane Collaboration's Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials using the following terms as medical subject headings and keywords: fabaceae not soybeans not isoflavones and diet or dietary fiber and cholesterol or hypercholesterolemia or triglycerides or cardiovascular diseases. Bibliographies of all retrieved articles were also searched. From 140 relevant reports, 10 randomized clinical trials were selected which compared a non-soy legume diet to control, had a minimum duration of 3 weeks, and reported blood lipid changes during intervention and control. Data on sample size, participant characteristics, study design, intervention methods, duration, and treatment results were independently abstracted by 2 investigators using a standardized protocol. Data from 10 trials representing 268 participants were examined using a random-effects model. Pooled mean net change in total cholesterol for those treated with a legume diet compared to control was -11.8 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], -16.1 to -7.5); mean net change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was -8.0mg/dL (95% CI, -11.4 to -4.6).
These results indicate that a diet rich in legumes other than soy decreases total and LDL cholesterol.
评估豆类消费对胆固醇影响的研究主要集中在大豆上，但在西方国家，人们通常也会消费非大豆豆类，如各种豆类、豌豆和一些种子。我们对评估非大豆豆类消费对血脂影响的随机对照试验进行了荟萃分析。
通过在 MEDLINE（从 1966 年 1 月到 2009 年 7 月）、EMBASE（从 1980 年 1 月到 2009 年 7 月）和 Cochrane 协作中心对照临床试验注册库中检索，使用以下医学主题词和关键词进行检索：豆科植物非大豆非异黄酮和饮食或膳食纤维和胆固醇或高胆固醇血症或甘油三酯或心血管疾病。还检索了所有检索到的文章的参考文献。从 140 篇相关报告中，选择了 10 项随机临床试验，这些试验比较了非大豆豆类饮食与对照饮食，干预时间至少为 3 周，并报告了干预和对照期间的血脂变化。由 2 位研究人员使用标准化方案独立提取样本量、参与者特征、研究设计、干预方法、持续时间和治疗结果的数据。使用随机效应模型检查了来自 10 项试验（代表 268 名参与者）的数据。与对照组相比，食用豆类饮食的患者总胆固醇的平均净变化为-11.8mg/dL（95%置信区间，-16.1 至-7.5）；低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的平均净变化为-8.0mg/dL（95%置信区间，-11.4 至-4.6）。
这些结果表明，富含非大豆豆类的饮食可降低总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇。
