Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
New Phytol. 2010 Feb;185(3):803-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03097.x. Epub 2009 Dec 1.
Despite a growing awareness of the global reach of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal introductions, little is known about the fate of introduced EM fungi in novel ranges. Using herbarium specimens, species distribution models, and field collections of sporocarps, root tips and extramatrical mycelia, we assessed the distribution and abundance of the European species Amanita phalloides in North America. There are two distinct ranges of the fungus, one along the West Coast (California to British Columbia) and the second on the East Coast (Maryland to Maine). As predicted by a species distribution model, the West Coast range is larger. Amanita phalloides is more frequently found in native forests on the West Coast than on the East Coast. At Point Reyes Peninsula in California, A. phalloides dominates community sporocarp biomass, and is frequent as root tips. In individual soil cores at Point Reyes, root tips of A. phalloides make up 50% of total root tip biomass. Hyphae of A. phalloides are frequent, but make up only 2% of total hyphal biomass. The contrasting patterns of the distribution and abundance of A. phalloides on the East and West Coasts of North America may influence both its future spread and its impacts.
尽管人们越来越意识到外生菌根（EM）真菌的引入具有全球性，但对于引入的 EM 真菌在新分布区的命运却知之甚少。本研究利用标本馆标本、物种分布模型以及外生菌根真菌子实体、根尖和基质菌丝的野外收集，评估了欧洲物种鹅膏菌在北美的分布和丰度。该真菌有两个截然不同的分布区，一个沿西海岸（加利福尼亚至不列颠哥伦比亚省），另一个在东海岸（马里兰州至缅因州）。正如物种分布模型所预测的那样，西海岸的分布范围更大。鹅膏菌在西海岸的原生林比在东海岸更为常见。在加利福尼亚的雷耶斯角半岛，鹅膏菌占据了群落子实体生物量的主导地位，并且作为根尖经常出现。在雷耶斯角的个别土壤芯中，鹅膏菌的根尖占总根尖生物量的 50%。鹅膏菌的菌丝很常见，但仅占总菌丝生物量的 2%。北美东西海岸鹅膏菌分布和丰度的对比模式可能会影响其未来的传播及其影响。
