Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Alcohol. 2009 Dec;43(8):657-64. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.10.001.
This study correlated the executive frontal functions with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in night drivers in a Brazilian city. Of 592 drivers randomly recruited between December 17, 2005 and May 5, 2006, during nighttime hours on main streets or avenues with intense vehicle traffic in Vitória, Brazil, 444 had the BAC determined by a portable digital breath alcohol analyzer and 389 were submitted to a frontal function examination by a frontal assessment battery (FAB). A high percentage (24.4%) of drivers presented alcohol in their blood. Most of these drivers were male (82%), and nearly half (43.7%) were young adults (aged between 20 and 30 years). The results showed an inverse relationship between the BAC and FAB total scores, with a higher BAC corresponding to a smaller FAB total score, delineating a progressive decrease in frontal function with increasing concentrations of alcohol. The most intriguing result was that alcohol-induced impairment on frontal executive function was particularly important in young adults, and more specifically in the motor programming subset of FAB, an executive function highly involved in driving skills. Considering the worldwide evidence of the high-risk involvement of youth in automobile crashes, the effects of alcohol in young adults need to be more thoroughly examined by cognitive studies, and more direct preventive solutions need to be taken focusing on this age range.
这项研究将巴西某城市夜间驾驶员的执行额叶功能与血液酒精浓度（BAC）相关联。在 2005 年 12 月 17 日至 2006 年 5 月 5 日期间，在巴西维多利亚市主要街道或交通繁忙的大道上，随机招募了 592 名夜间驾驶员，其中 444 名驾驶员通过便携式数字呼气酒精分析仪确定了 BAC 值，389 名驾驶员接受了额叶评估电池（FAB）的额叶功能检查。高比例（24.4%）的驾驶员血液中含有酒精。这些驾驶员大多为男性（82%），近一半（43.7%）为青年（年龄在 20 至 30 岁之间）。结果显示 BAC 与 FAB 总分呈负相关，BAC 越高，FAB 总分越低，表明随着酒精浓度的增加，额叶功能逐渐下降。最有趣的结果是，酒精对额叶执行功能的损害在年轻人中尤其明显，在 FAB 的运动编程子集中更为明显，而 FAB 是一项与驾驶技能高度相关的执行功能。考虑到全球范围内年轻人在汽车事故中高风险参与的证据，需要通过认知研究更彻底地研究酒精对年轻人的影响，并采取更直接的预防措施，重点关注这一年龄段。
