University of Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, DISAV Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
J Chromatogr A. 2010 Jun 18;1217(25):3929-37. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.060. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
The review discusses the pitfalls of the matrix effect in mass spectrometry detection hyphenated to liquid chromatography separation. Matrix effect heavily influences both qualitative and quantitative analyses, giving rise to suppression or enhancement of the signal. As generally recognised, the predominant cause is the presence of undesired components that co-elute in the chromatographic separation and alter the ionisation process. The interfering species can be components of the sample, compounds released during the pre-treatment/extraction process or reagents added to the mobile phase to improve chromatographic resolution. The different mechanisms proposed in literature to explain the suppression or the enhancement of the signal both in electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisations are presented and the results observed in the different experimental conditions are compared and discussed. All data together lead to conclude that the chemical properties of the target analyte, the kind of matrix, the matrix to analyte concentration ratio, the extraction process, the chromatographic conditions as well as the kind of the mass spectrometry instrumentation and the ionisation conditions can play a role. Likely all these potential causes act in a synergic way and the final effect observed is hardly due to only one of them. Depending on an unpredictable combination of conditions, signal suppression or enhancement can be observed. The review discusses the matrix effects observed in HPLC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS analysis proposes hypotheses to explain the observed behaviours and proposes methods and strategies to overcome the matrix effects.
本文综述了高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术中基质效应对检测的影响。基质效应对定性和定量分析都有很大的影响，会导致信号的抑制或增强。一般认为，主要原因是存在与色谱分离共洗脱的不期望成分，从而改变了离子化过程。干扰物质可以是样品的组成部分、预处理/提取过程中释放的化合物，或添加到流动相以改善色谱分辨率的试剂。本文介绍了文献中提出的用于解释电喷雾和大气压化学电离中信号抑制或增强的不同机制，并比较和讨论了在不同实验条件下观察到的结果。所有数据共同得出结论，目标分析物的化学性质、基质的种类、基质与分析物浓度比、提取过程、色谱条件以及质谱仪器的种类和离子化条件都可能发挥作用。可能所有这些潜在的原因都以协同的方式起作用，而观察到的最终效果几乎不是由其中一个原因引起的。根据条件的不可预测组合，可能会观察到信号抑制或增强。本文综述了在高效液相色谱-质谱和高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析中观察到的基质效应，提出了一些假设来解释观察到的行为，并提出了克服基质效应的方法和策略。
