Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Département d'Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, UMR 7178, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France.
J Exp Biol. 2010 Jan 1;213(1):153-60. doi: 10.1242/jeb.033720.
Heart rate (f(H)) measurement offers the possibility to monitor energy expenditure (EE) in wild animals if the EE/f(H) relationship for the species, physiological stages and activities of interest is known. This relationship has been extensively studied using oxygen consumption rate ( ) measurement in captive, repeatedly handled king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus). Unfortunately, the potential effects of stress on the observed relationships resulting from handling and confinement were not considered. This study is the first involving undisturbed animals, and determines the EE/f(H) relationship in naturally fasting and freely incubating or captivity-acclimatized male and female king penguins. EE determination was based on (1) the measurement of body mass loss during periods of phase II fasting, and (2) the calculation of its energy equivalent from changes in body composition, i.e. 23.9 kJ g(-1). f(H) levels in freely incubating and captivity-acclimatized birds were found to be 50-70% lower than those previously reported for resting king penguins during measurements. Significant EE/f(H) relationships were found in freely incubating and captive males and females (R(2)=0.59 to 0.84), with no difference observed between genders. The best overall relationship was obtained by including fasting duration (t, days) in the model: EE=818+43.7xf(H)+36.3t-1.4txf(H) (R(2)=0.91). This equation yielded EE estimates approximately 26% higher than the previously reported 'best' predictive equation in king penguins, and even more so when f(H) was low. This result suggests that stress induces a disproportionate increase of f(H) vs O(2) consumption, and that the use of EE/f(H) relationships obtained in stressed birds could lead to underestimated EE values.
心率（f(H)）测量如果已知物种、生理阶段和感兴趣的活动的能量消耗（EE）/f(H)关系，则可用于监测野生动物的能量消耗。这种关系已经在圈养、反复处理的王企鹅（Aptenodytes patagonicus）中使用耗氧量（）测量进行了广泛研究。不幸的是，处理和监禁对观察到的关系的潜在影响并未得到考虑。这项研究是第一个涉及未受干扰的动物的研究，它确定了自然禁食和自由孵化或圈养适应的雄性和雌性王企鹅的 EE/f(H)关系。EE 的确定基于 (1) 禁食期间 II 期体重损失的测量，以及 (2) 从身体成分变化计算其能量当量，即 23.9 kJ g(-1)。发现自由孵化和圈养鸟类的 f(H)水平比以前报道的休息时王企鹅的 f(H)水平低 50-70%。在自由孵化和圈养的雄性和雌性中发现了显著的 EE/f(H)关系（R(2)=0.59 至 0.84），性别之间没有差异。通过在模型中包含禁食持续时间（t，天），可以获得最佳的整体关系：EE=818+43.7xf(H)+36.3t-1.4txf(H)（R(2)=0.91）。该方程得出的 EE 估计值比以前报道的王企鹅中“最佳”预测方程高约 26%，而当 f(H)较低时则更高。这一结果表明，应激导致 f(H)与 O(2)消耗不成比例地增加，并且在应激鸟类中使用 EE/f(H)关系可能导致 EE 值被低估。
