Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Curr Med Chem. 2010;17(6):585-94. doi: 10.2174/092986710790416290.
This review focuses on the development of nanoparticle systems for antimicrobial drug delivery. Numerous antimicrobial drugs have been prescribed to kill or inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. Even though the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs has been well established, inefficient delivery could result in inadequate therapeutic index and local and systemic side effects including cutaneous irritation, peeling, scaling and gut flora reduction. Nanostructured biomaterials, nanoparticles in particular, have unique physicochemical properties such as ultra small and controllable size, large surface area to mass ratio, high reactivity, and functionalizable structure. These properties can be applied to facilitate the administration of antimicrobial drugs, thereby overcoming some of the limitations in traditional antimicrobial therapeutics. In recent years, encapsulation of antimicrobial drugs in nanoparticle systems has emerged as an innovative and promising alternative that enhances therapeutic effectiveness and minimizes undesirable side effects of the drugs. Here the current progress and challenges in synthesizing nanoparticle platforms for delivering various antimicrobial drugs are reviewed. We also call attention to the need to unite the shared interest between nanoengineers and microbiologists in developing nanotechnology for the treatment of microbial diseases.
这篇综述专注于用于抗菌药物输送的纳米颗粒系统的发展。已经开了许多抗菌药物来杀死或抑制微生物（如细菌、真菌和病毒）的生长。尽管这些药物的治疗效果已经得到充分证实，但低效的传递可能导致治疗指数不足以及局部和全身副作用，包括皮肤刺激、剥落、脱屑和肠道菌群减少。纳米结构生物材料，尤其是纳米颗粒，具有独特的物理化学性质，如超小且可控的尺寸、大的表面积与质量比、高反应性和可功能化的结构。这些特性可用于促进抗菌药物的给药，从而克服传统抗菌疗法的一些局限性。近年来，将抗菌药物封装在纳米颗粒系统中已成为一种创新且有前途的替代方法，可提高治疗效果并最小化药物的不良副作用。本文综述了用于输送各种抗菌药物的纳米颗粒平台的合成方面的最新进展和挑战。我们还呼吁纳米工程师和微生物学家共同关注为治疗微生物疾病而开发纳米技术的必要性。
