Nanotechnology solutions to restore antibiotic activity.

This review focuses on the development of nanoparticle systems that enables to enhance and restore the antibiotic activity for drug-resistant organisms. New and more aggressive antibiotic resistant bacteria and parasites calls for the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome the inefficiency of conventional antibiotics and bypass treatment limitations related to these pathologies. Nanostructured biomaterials, nanoparticles in particular, have unique physicochemical properties such as ultra-small and controllable size, large surface area to mass ratio, high reactivity, and functionalizable structure. These properties can be applied to facilitate the administration of antimicrobial drugs, thereby overcoming some of the limitations in traditional antimicrobial therapeutics. Here the current progress and challenges in synthesizing nanoparticle platforms for restoring activity of various antimicrobial drugs are reviewed with an emphasis on antibiotics. We also call attention to the need to unite the shared interest between nanoengineers and microbiologists in developing nanotechnology for the treatment of microbial diseases.