Departement of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 May;42(5):555-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.12.009. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
Lipolysis in adipocytes, the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) to release fatty acids (FAs) and glycerol for use by other organs, is a unique function of white adipose tissue. Lipolysis in adipocytes occurs at the surface of cytosolic lipid droplets, which have recently gained much attention as dynamic organelles integral to lipid metabolism. Desnutrin/ATGL is now established as a bona fide TAG hydrolase and mutations in human desnutrin/ATGL/PNPLA2, as well as in its activator, comparative gene identification 58, are associated with Neutral Lipid Storage Disease. Furthermore, recent identification of AdPLA as the major adipose phospholipase A(2), has led to the discovery of a dominant autocrine/paracrine regulation of lipolysis through PGE(2). Here, we review emerging concepts in the key players in lipolysis and the regulation of this process. We also examine recent findings in mouse models and humans with alterations/mutations in genes involved in lipolysis and discuss activation of lipolysis in adipocytes as a potential therapeutic target.
脂肪细胞中的脂解作用，即将三酰基甘油 (TAG) 水解为脂肪酸 (FA) 和甘油，以供其他器官使用，是白色脂肪组织的独特功能。脂肪细胞中的脂解作用发生在细胞质脂滴的表面，脂滴最近作为脂质代谢不可或缺的动态细胞器而备受关注。Desnutrin/ATGL 现已被确立为真正的 TAG 水解酶，人类 Desnutrin/ATGL/PNPLA2 及其激活剂 Comparative Gene Identification 58 的突变与中性脂质贮积病有关。此外，最近发现 AdPLA 是主要的脂肪组织磷酸酶 A(2)，导致通过 PGE(2)发现脂肪分解的主要自分泌/旁分泌调节。在这里，我们回顾脂肪分解和该过程调节的关键参与者的新出现的概念。我们还检查了涉及脂肪分解的基因在小鼠模型和人类中的改变/突变的最新发现，并讨论了脂肪细胞中脂肪分解的激活作为一种潜在的治疗靶点。
