Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
Ecotoxicology. 2010 Apr;19(4):735-50. doi: 10.1007/s10646-009-0450-y. Epub 2009 Dec 22.
The aim of this study was to assess environmental quality at some of the sites most severely affected by the Prestige oil spill off 2 years after the spillage (April and November 2004). For this purpose analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and several biochemical (antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and DT-diaphorase and lipid peroxidation) and physiological [scope for growth (SFG)] biomarkers were determined on wild mussel populations (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected at four points along the Costa da Morte and compared with those of a reference site not affected by the oil spill. Results showed that PAH contents had markedly decreased 17 months after the accident, although they were higher in April than in November, when they showed values similar to background levels reported for this area. Nevertheless, the predominance of chrysene on PAH profiles, similarly to findings obtained immediately after the spill, indicated the Prestige as their main source. In spite of the low PAH levels recorded, antioxidant activity levels (explained through the integrated antioxidant response-IAR) were higher in the Costa da Morte than at the reference site either in April and November. In April IAR seems to be related to PAH levels found 3 months after the accident (February 2003), suggesting the persistence in the environment of oxidative stress-producing components from the spill. However, evidence of oxidative stress was not reflected at physiological level by scope for growth, with only very slight differences being observed between values from the reference site and those from Costa da Morte sites. In conclusion, although 2 years after the spill PAHs bioaccumulated by mussels from the Costa da Morte had decreased to background levels, biochemical parameters showed signals of oxidative stress in mussels from this area. However, SFG reflected a good health status for the mussel populations studied and did not reveal evidence of physiological disturbance either 17 or 24 months after the Prestige spill.
本研究的目的是评估 Prestige 号油轮溢油事件发生 2 年后（2004 年 4 月和 11 月）一些受影响最严重的地点的环境质量。为此，对取自沿 Costa da Morte 的四个地点的野生贻贝类群（Mytilus galloprovincialis）进行了多环芳烃（PAH）和多种生物化学（抗氧化酶 CAT、GR、GPX、SOD 和 DT-黄递酶以及脂质过氧化）和生理（生长范围 SFG）生物标志物的分析，并与未受溢油影响的参考点进行了比较。结果表明，事故发生 17 个月后，PAH 含量明显下降，尽管 4 月份的含量高于 11 月份，但与该地区背景水平相似。然而，正如溢油事件发生后立即发现的那样，PAH 图谱中 chrysene 的优势表明 Prestige 是其主要来源。尽管记录的 PAH 水平较低，但在 4 月和 11 月，Costa da Morte 的抗氧化活性水平（通过综合抗氧化反应 IAR 解释）均高于参考点。4 月份的 IAR 似乎与事故发生后 3 个月（2003 年 2 月）发现的 PAH 水平有关，表明溢油环境中仍存在产生氧化应激的成分。然而，生长范围并没有反映出生理水平的氧化应激，参考点和 Costa da Morte 点之间的差异非常小。总之，尽管溢油事件发生 2 年后，贻贝类群体内的 PAHs 已降至背景水平，但生化参数显示该地区贻贝类群存在氧化应激信号。然而，SFG 反映了研究贻贝类群的良好健康状况，无论是在 Prestige 溢油事件发生后 17 个月还是 24 个月，都没有发现生理紊乱的证据。
