Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997, United States.
Physiol Behav. 2010 Apr 26;100(1):4-9. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.12.022. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
Total beverage intake patterns have changed greatly over the past half century. The present research was conducted to evaluate historic and current patterns of beverage consumption of adults and children in the U.S. Data were drawn from food balance surveys along with two-day beverage intake averages and were weighted to be nationally representative. A marked slow continuous shift downward in total milk intake with a shift toward an increased proportion of reduced fat milk was determined. The biggest shifts in beverage consumption among children aged 2 to18 were an increase in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (from 87 to 154kcal/d), a smaller increase in juices (+21kcal/d), and a decrease in milk consumption (-91kcal/d). Data among adults aged 19 and older indicated that SSB intake has more than doubled. Water intake was highly variable, with a marked increase in bottled water intake but no clear trend in total water intake. Overall trends by age were presented and indicated that age-related beverage intake, both in ounces and kcal/day, decreased sharply for adults aged 60 and older. Kcal/d values ranged from a low of 283 for those over age 60 to a peak of 533 for those aged 19 to39 to 367 for 2 to 6year olds. The consumer shift toward increased levels of SSBs and alcohol, limited amounts of reduced fat milk along with a continued consumption of whole milk, and increased juice intake represent issues to address from a public health perspective.
在过去的半个世纪里,人们的总体饮料摄入量发生了巨大变化。本研究旨在评估美国成年人和儿童饮料消费的历史和当前模式。数据来自食物平衡调查以及两天的饮料摄入量平均值,并经过加权处理以具有全国代表性。研究确定,牛奶总摄入量呈明显持续缓慢下降趋势,低脂牛奶的比例有所增加。2 至 18 岁儿童的饮料消费最大变化是含糖饮料(SSB)的摄入量增加(从 87 千卡/天增加到 154 千卡/天),果汁摄入量略有增加(增加 21 千卡/天),牛奶摄入量减少(减少 91 千卡/天)。19 岁及以上成年人的数据表明,SSB 的摄入量增加了一倍多。水的摄入量变化很大,瓶装水的摄入量显著增加,但总水摄入量没有明显趋势。按年龄呈现的总体趋势表明,60 岁及以上成年人的饮料摄入量(以盎司和千卡/天为单位)急剧下降。千卡/天的值范围从 60 岁以上人群的 283 千卡到 19 至 39 岁人群的 533 千卡,再到 2 至 6 岁人群的 367 千卡。消费者对 SSB 和酒精摄入量的增加、低脂牛奶摄入量的限制以及全脂牛奶持续消费、果汁摄入量增加的趋势,从公共卫生角度来看,这些都是需要解决的问题。