Wilson Anna C, Lengua Liliana J, Tininenko Jennifer, Taylor Adam, Trancik Anika
University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, USA 98195-1525, ;
J Appl Dev Psychol. 2009;30(6):780-790. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2009.05.002.
This longitudinal study utilized a community sample of children (N=91, 45% female, 8-11 years at time 1) to investigate physiological responses (heart rate reactivity [HRR] and electrodermal responding [EDR]) during delay of gratification in relation to emotionality, self-regulation, and adjustment problems. Cluster analyses identified three profiles among children who successfully delayed: children who waited easily with low EDR and moderate HRR, children who had difficulty waiting with high EDR and moderate HRR, and children who had difficulty waiting with low EDR and low HRR. The 3 clusters and children who did not wait were compared. Children with low EDR-low HRR had the lowest self-regulation, and like the no-wait group, demonstrated the greatest baseline adjustment problems. The high EDR-moderate HRR group demonstrated highest self-regulation and increases in depression across one year. Distinct profiles among children in delay contexts point to children who are over- and under-regulated with implications for adjustment problems.
这项纵向研究采用了一个儿童社区样本（N = 91，45%为女性，第一次测量时年龄为8 - 11岁），以调查在延迟满足过程中的生理反应（心率反应性[HRR]和皮肤电反应[EDR]）与情绪、自我调节及适应问题之间的关系。聚类分析在成功延迟的儿童中识别出三种类型：EDR低且HRR中等的轻松等待儿童、EDR高且HRR中等的等待困难儿童以及EDR低且HRR低的等待困难儿童。对这3个类别与未等待的儿童进行了比较。EDR低 - HRR低的儿童自我调节能力最差，并且与未等待组一样，表现出最严重的基线适应问题。EDR高 - HRR中等的组表现出最高的自我调节能力，且在一年中抑郁情绪有所增加。延迟情境下儿童的不同类型表明，自我调节过度和不足的儿童都存在适应问题。
