Savino Francesco, Liguori Stefania A, Fissore Maria F, Oggero Roberto
Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2009;2009:327505. doi: 10.1155/2009/327505. Epub 2009 Nov 4.
Data accumulated over recent years have significantly advanced our understanding of growth factors, cytokines, and hormones in breast milk. Here we deal with leptin, adiponectin, IGF-I, ghrelin, and the more recently discovered hormones, obestatin, and resistin, which are present in breast milk and involved in food intake regulation and energy balance. Little is known about these compounds in infant milk formulas. Nutrition in infancy has been implicated in the long-term tendency to obesity, and a longer duration of breastfeeding appears to protect against its development. Diet-related differences in serum leptin and ghrelin values in infancy might explain anthropometric differences and differences in dietary habits between breast-fed and formula-fed infants also later in life. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of how hormones present in breast milk affect children. Here we examine the data related to hormones contained in mother's milk and their potential protective effect on subsequent obesity.
近年来积累的数据显著提升了我们对母乳中生长因子、细胞因子和激素的认识。在此，我们探讨瘦素、脂联素、胰岛素样生长因子-I、胃饥饿素以及最近发现的激素——肥胖抑制素和抵抗素，它们存在于母乳中，参与食物摄入调节和能量平衡。对于婴儿配方奶粉中的这些化合物，我们知之甚少。婴儿期营养与肥胖的长期倾向有关，较长时间的母乳喂养似乎可预防肥胖的发生。婴儿期血清瘦素和胃饥饿素值与饮食相关的差异，可能解释了母乳喂养和配方奶喂养婴儿在人体测量指标以及饮食习惯上的差异，这种差异在他们日后的生活中也会存在。然而，我们对于母乳中的激素如何影响儿童仍存在认知空白。在此，我们审视与母乳中所含激素相关的数据，以及它们对后续肥胖的潜在保护作用。
