Sandor R P
Camino Medical Group, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA.
Phys Sportsmed. 1997 Jun;25(6):35-40. doi: 10.3810/psm.1997.06.1400.
Heatstroke is a true sports emergency. By recognizing the key signs and symptoms a core body temperature above 40.5 degrees C and mental status changes on-site physicians can begin urgent management of heatstroke. Cooling must begin immediately; ice water immersion is best if practical, but other measures can be effective. Other conditions common in the heat, like 'heat cramps,' 'heat exhaustion,' and 'heat syncope,' are less serious and generally require less drastic measures. Cramps typically respond to sodium replacement, and heat exhaustion and syncope require rest and possibly cooling and rehydration.
中暑是一种真正的运动急症。通过识别关键体征和症状（核心体温高于40.5摄氏度以及精神状态改变），现场医生可以开始对中暑进行紧急处理。必须立即开始降温；如果可行，冰水浸泡是最佳方法，但其他措施也可能有效。在高温环境中常见的其他情况，如“热痉挛”“热衰竭”和“热昏厥”，则不太严重，通常需要采取不那么极端的措施。痉挛通常通过补充钠来缓解，热衰竭和热昏厥需要休息，可能还需要降温及补充水分。
