Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Mar 1;408(7):1523-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.035. Epub 2010 Jan 22.
First, we determined the levels of 8 trace elements (As, Se, Hg, Cd, Ag, Mn, Cr and Pb) in 530 village drinking water sources by graphite furnace or flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method, in Kurdistan Province in the west of Iran. The results showed that the level of As, Cd and Se in 28 village drinking water sources exceeded WHO or National Standard limits. The levels of concentration of arsenic in drinking water ranged from 42 to 1500microg/L. Then in a cross-sectional survey, 587 people from 211 households were chosen for clinical examinations of multi-chronic arsenical poisoning including pigment disorders, keratosis of palms and soles, Mee's line in fingers and nails and the gangrene as a systemic manifestation. Of 587 participants, 180 (30.7%) participants were affected by representing the type of chronic arsenical poisoning. The prevalence of Mee's line, keratosis, and pigment disorders were 86.1%, 77.2% and 67.8% respectively. Therefore, the prevalence of Mee's line between inhabitants was higher than the other disorders. The results show a strong linear relationship between arsenic exposure and occurrence of multi-chronic arsenical poisoning (R(2)=0.76). The association between age for more than 40 years and gender for more than 60 years with chronic arsenical poisoning is significant (p<0.05). Also, there is a relationship between subjects who were affected with disorders and duration of living in the village. Except for gangrene disorder, the odds ratio of prevalence of other disorders with arsenic exposure level in drinking water show a highly significant relationship between arsenic content and the risk of chronic disorders (p<0.01). These results confirm the need to further study trace elements in drinking waters, food products and other samples in this area and the relationship to other chronic diseases arising out of arsenicosis.
首先，我们使用石墨炉或火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了伊朗西部库尔德斯坦省 530 个农村饮用水源中的 8 种微量元素（砷、硒、汞、镉、银、锰、铬和铅）的水平。结果表明，28 个农村饮用水源的砷、镉和硒含量超过了世界卫生组织或国家标准的限值。饮用水中砷的浓度范围为 42 至 1500μg/L。然后，在一项横断面研究中，我们从 211 户家庭中选择了 587 人进行多慢性砷中毒的临床检查，包括色素紊乱、手掌和脚底的角化病、手指和指甲上的 Mee 线以及作为全身表现的坏疽。在 587 名参与者中，有 180 人（30.7%）受到影响，代表了慢性砷中毒的类型。Mee 线、角化病和色素紊乱的患病率分别为 86.1%、77.2%和 67.8%。因此，Mee 线在居民中的患病率高于其他疾病。结果表明，砷暴露与多慢性砷中毒的发生之间存在很强的线性关系（R²=0.76）。年龄超过 40 岁和性别超过 60 岁与慢性砷中毒之间存在显著关联（p<0.05）。此外，与居住在农村的时间长短也存在关联。除了坏疽病外，其他疾病的患病率与饮用水中砷暴露水平之间的比值比与砷含量之间存在高度显著关系，表明砷含量与慢性疾病的风险之间存在显著关系（p<0.01）。这些结果证实需要进一步研究该地区饮用水、食品及其他样本中的微量元素，以及它们与砷中毒引起的其他慢性疾病之间的关系。
