Department of Humanities, Academy of Humanities and Economics in Łódź, 90-222 Łódź, Poland.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Mar 24;128(2):395-404. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.038. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
The aim of this paper is to compare the presence of wild green vegetables in four ethnobotanical questionnaires. This range of surveys offers a rich diachronic perspective, possibly unique in ethnobotany.
Four archival questionnaires (by other researchers), whose results have been only partly published, were analyzed. They are Rostafiński's questionnaire of 1883-1909, the Gajek team's questionnaires of 1948-1949 and 1964-1969, and Stolicná and Kłodnicki's questionnaire of 2000-2003.
Green shoots or leaves of least 58 species (belonging to 43 genera) of wild plants have been used as green vegetables or culinary herbs for nutritional purposes since the 19th century. The disappearance of wild green vegetables from the Polish diet was a gradual process, in which the sequence of disappearance of the species from diet was as follows: (1) Aegopodium & Heracleum, (2) Cirsium, Sinapis & Raphanus, (3) Urtica, (4) Chenopodium, (5) Oxalis, (6) Rumex. In Poland, within the studied time scale, there was no tradition of incorporating more than a few species of wild greens in one dish. Local people usually utilized a small number of taxa, but in large quantities, resorting to some other available species only in times of famine.
The relatively low number of wild green vegetables utilized has gradually decreased to practically none, mainly due to replacement by a few cultivated vegetables. This process must have started well before the 19th century, but became most dramatic throughout the 20th century.
本文旨在比较四份民族植物学问卷中野生绿色蔬菜的存在情况。这一系列调查提供了丰富的历时视角，在民族植物学中可能是独一无二的。
分析了四份档案问卷（由其他研究人员完成），这些问卷的结果仅部分发表过。它们是罗斯塔菲斯基（Rostafiński）在 1883-1909 年、加杰克（Gajek）团队在 1948-1949 年和 1964-1969 年、以及斯托利奇纳（Stolicná）和克洛德尼克（Kłodnicki）在 2000-2003 年的问卷。
自 19 世纪以来，至少有 58 种（属于 43 个属）野生植物的绿色嫩枝或嫩叶被用作绿色蔬菜或烹饪香草，以满足营养需求。野生绿色蔬菜从波兰饮食中消失是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，从饮食中消失的物种顺序如下：（1）斑鸠菊属和独活属，（2）蓟属、芥菜属和萝卜属，（3）荨麻属，（4）藜属，（5）酢浆草属，（6）酸模属。在波兰，在所研究的时间范围内，没有将几种野生绿叶菜组合在一道菜中的传统。当地人通常只利用少数几种类群，但数量很大，只有在饥荒时期才会利用其他一些可用的物种。
利用的野生绿色蔬菜数量相对较少，逐渐减少到几乎没有，主要是由于几种栽培蔬菜的替代。这一过程很可能早在 19 世纪以前就开始了，但在 20 世纪变得最为剧烈。
