Kujawska Monika, Klepacki Piotr, Łuczaj Łukasz
Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, University of Łódź, Lindleya 3/5, 90-131, Łódź, Poland.
Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501, Kraków, Poland.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2017 Mar 23;13(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s13002-017-0149-8.
Historical ethnobotanical studies are useful starting points for further diachronic analysis. The aim of this contribution is to present archival data from the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian borderland, which were collected by Adam Fischer, a Polish ethnographer from Lviv, in the 1930s. These data were originally gathered for publication in the first part of the Lexicon of Slavic beliefs and customs, dedicated to plant uses in traditional Slavonic culture. It was intended to be a joint international enterprise, but was never actually fulfilled.
In this article we used information from historical Lithuania (the Great Duchy of Lithuania), nowadays a border region between Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. We applied cultural importance indices such as Use Value, Relative Importance value and Sørensen similarity coefficient, in order to compare our data with a western Ukraine data set from the same research framework.
In total, 153 plant taxa were registered as used in peasant culture in the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian borderland in the 1930s. The species which achieved the highest Use Values were: Calendula officinalis, Cyanus segetum, Helichrysum arenarium, Betula sp., Prunella vulgaris, and Nuphar lutea or Lilium sp. The most salient use categories were medicinal, followed by food and home garden plants. The overall similarity to plants recorded in western Ukraine within the same project of Fischer's is quite low (46%), which may be explained by the partly different flora found in the regions, and a cultural discontinuity, revealed by the difference in species with the highest UV. Moreover, the field collaborators were different in the two regions and may have paid attention to different cultural spheres of use.
The presented ethnobotanical data are a valuable contribution to the ethnobotany of Eastern Europe as a whole. In particular, the presented list of plants may be a rich source for future studies on the ethnobotany of the Polish diaspora in Lithuania, and diachronic studies in north-east Poland and Belarus.
历史民族植物学研究是进一步进行历时性分析的有用起点。本文的目的是展示来自波兰 - 立陶宛 - 白俄罗斯边境地区的档案数据，这些数据是由来自利沃夫的波兰民族志学者亚当·菲舍尔在20世纪30年代收集的。这些数据最初是为了在《斯拉夫信仰与习俗词典》的第一部分中发表而收集的，该部分致力于传统斯拉夫文化中的植物用途。这原本是一个联合国际项目，但实际上从未完成。
在本文中，我们使用了来自历史上的立陶宛（立陶宛大公国）的信息，如今该地区是波兰、立陶宛和白俄罗斯之间的边境地区。我们应用了文化重要性指数，如使用价值、相对重要性值和 Sørensen 相似系数，以便将我们的数据与来自相同研究框架的乌克兰西部数据集进行比较。
20世纪30年代，在波兰 - 立陶宛 - 白俄罗斯边境地区的农民文化中，总共记录了153种植物分类群。使用价值最高的物种是：金盏花、矢车菊、沙地一枝黄花、桦树属、夏枯草，以及黄睡莲或百合属。最突出的使用类别是药用，其次是食用和家庭园艺植物。在菲舍尔的同一项目中，与乌克兰西部记录的植物的总体相似度相当低（46%），这可能是由于该地区部分不同的植物群，以及最高使用价值物种的差异所揭示的文化不连续性。此外，两个地区的实地合作者不同，可能关注的是不同的文化使用领域。
所呈现的民族植物学数据对整个东欧的民族植物学来说是一项有价值的贡献。特别是，所呈现的植物清单可能是未来对立陶宛波兰侨民民族植物学研究以及波兰东北部和白俄罗斯历时性研究的丰富资料来源。
