Section of Environmental Physiology, Department of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Obes Rev. 2011 Jan;12(1):14-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00716.x.
Overweight and obesity are the result of a chronic positive energy balance, and therefore the only effective therapies are a diet which, on the long term, provides lower calories than the daily expended energy and exercise. Because nearly every physiological and biochemical function of the body shows circadian variations it can be suggested that also different chronobiological aspects of food intake, like time of day, meal frequency and regularity, and also circadian desynchronizations like in shift work may affect energy metabolism and weight regulation. The aim of this review is therefore to summarize and discuss studies that have addressed these issues in the past and to also provide an overview about circadian variations of selected aspects of metabolism, gut physiology and also factors that may influence overall energy regulation. The results show that a chronic desynchronization of the circadian system like in shift work and also sleep deprivation can favour the development of obesity. Also, regarding energy balance, a higher meal frequency and regular eating pattern seem to be more advantageous than taking the meals irregularly and seldom. Additional studies are required to conclude whether time of day-dependent food intake significantly influences weight regulation in humans.
超重和肥胖是慢性正能平衡的结果，因此唯一有效的治疗方法是饮食，长期来看，提供的卡路里低于每天消耗的能量和运动。由于身体的几乎每一项生理和生化功能都表现出昼夜节律变化，因此可以推测，食物摄入的不同时间生物学方面，如一天中的时间、进餐频率和规律性，以及像轮班工作中的昼夜节律失同步，也可能影响能量代谢和体重调节。因此，本综述的目的是总结和讨论过去解决这些问题的研究，并提供有关代谢、肠道生理学以及可能影响整体能量调节的因素的选择方面的昼夜节律变化的概述。结果表明，像轮班工作和睡眠剥夺这样的昼夜节律系统的慢性失同步会助长肥胖的发展。此外，就能量平衡而言，较高的进餐频率和规律的进食模式似乎比不规律和很少进食更有利。还需要进一步的研究来确定时间依赖性食物摄入是否会显著影响人类的体重调节。
