Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Feb;118(2):216-21. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0900892.
Although the smoking rate in the United States is declining because of an increase of smoke-free laws, among blue-collar workers it remains higher than that among many other occupational groups.
We evaluated the factors influencing workplace secondhand smoke (SHS) exposures in the U.S. unionized trucking industry.
From 2003 through 2005, we measured workplace SHS exposure among 203 nonsmoking and 61 smoking workers in 25 trucking terminals. Workers in several job groups wore personal vapor-phase nicotine samplers on their lapels for two consecutive work shifts and completed a workplace SHS exposure questionnaire at the end of the personal sampling.
Median nicotine level was 0.87 microg/m3 for nonsmokers and 5.96 microg/m3 for smokers. As expected, smokers experienced higher SHS exposure duration and intensity than did nonsmokers. For nonsmokers, multiple regression analyses indicated that self-reported exposure duration combined with intensity, lack of a smoking policy as reported by workers, having a nondriver job, and lower educational level were independently associated with elevated personal nicotine levels (model R2 = 0.52). Nondriver job and amount of active smoking were associated with elevated personal nicotine level in smokers, but self-reported exposure, lack of a smoking policy, and lower educational level were not.
Despite movements toward smoke-free laws, this population of blue-collar workers was still exposed to workplace SHS as recently as 2005. The perceived (reported by the workers), rather than the official (reported by the terminal managers), smoking policy was associated with measured SHS exposure levels among the nonsmokers. Job duties and educational level might also be important predictors of workplace SHS exposure.
尽管美国的吸烟率因无烟法律的增加而下降，但蓝领工人的吸烟率仍高于许多其他职业群体。
我们评估了影响美国工会化卡车运输行业工作场所二手烟（SHS）暴露的因素。
从 2003 年到 2005 年，我们在 25 个卡车运输站测量了 203 名不吸烟和 61 名吸烟工人的工作场所 SHS 暴露情况。几个工作群体的工人在翻领上佩戴个人气相尼古丁采样器，连续两个工作班次，并在个人采样结束时完成工作场所 SHS 暴露问卷。
不吸烟者的尼古丁中位水平为 0.87μg/m3，吸烟者为 5.96μg/m3。正如预期的那样，吸烟者经历的 SHS 暴露持续时间和强度高于不吸烟者。对于不吸烟者，多元回归分析表明，自我报告的暴露持续时间与强度相结合，工人报告的缺乏吸烟政策，从事非驾驶工作和较低的教育水平与升高的个人尼古丁水平独立相关（模型 R2=0.52）。非驾驶工作和吸烟量与吸烟者个人尼古丁水平升高有关，但自我报告的暴露、缺乏吸烟政策和较低的教育水平无关。
尽管朝着无烟法律的方向发展，但直到 2005 年，这一蓝领工人群体仍暴露于工作场所 SHS 中。工人感知到的（由工人报告）而不是终端经理报告的（由终端经理报告）吸烟政策与非吸烟者中测量的 SHS 暴露水平相关。工作职责和教育水平也可能是工作场所 SHS 暴露的重要预测因素。
