RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Jan;172(1-4):67-89. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1318-6. Epub 2010 Feb 3.
A 1988 survey, funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and conducted by the American Fisheries Society, identified the need to standardize the approaches for evaluating risks and developing fish consumption advisories that are comparable across different jurisdictions. A major tool for evaluating the progress in developing such nationally consistent information is EPA's web-based National Listing of Fish Advisories (NLFA) database, which has archived fish advisory information since 1993. The NLFA comprises both a database and Geographic Information System mapping components that are implemented using the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). EPA and the US Geological Survey have developed an enhanced NHD product (NHDPlus) that is applied to define an interstate waters framework for the conterminous USA. This NHDPlus-based framework provides an efficient watershed-oriented approach for identifying interstate advisories from NLFA. We provide summaries of (1) the degree of consistency documented for inland waters where states have issued advisories for shared interstate NHD reaches and (2) the patterns for interstate advisories organized according to the ecoregions developed for EPA's Wadeable Streams Assessment. Approaches are also discussed for addressing interstate consistency issues for fish advisories in coastal waters making use of the NHDPlus combined with other nationally consistent frameworks, such as the 12-digit hydrologic unit code subwatersheds in the Watershed Boundary Dataset. Probability survey methods are recommended as a way to promote increased interjurisdictional consistency in the development of the monitoring and risk assessment conclusions reflected in NLFA, as well as in other EPA water quality-based programs.
1988 年，美国环境保护署（EPA）资助、美国渔业学会开展的一项调查指出，需要制定标准化方法来评估风险，并制定在不同司法管辖区之间具有可比性的鱼类消费建议。评估在制定此类全国统一信息方面取得进展的主要工具是 EPA 的基于网络的国家鱼类咨询清单（NLFA）数据库，该数据库自 1993 年以来一直存档鱼类咨询信息。NLFA 由数据库和地理信息系统制图组件组成，这些组件是使用国家水文数据集（NHD）实施的。EPA 和美国地质调查局已经开发了一个增强的 NHD 产品（NHDPlus），用于为美国大陆定义州际水域框架。该基于 NHDPlus 的框架为从 NLFA 中识别州际咨询提供了一种高效的面向流域的方法。我们提供了以下内容的摘要：(1) 记录在为共享州际 NHD 流域发布咨询意见的内陆水域中一致性的程度；(2) 根据 EPA 的可步行溪流评估制定的生态区组织的州际咨询模式。还讨论了利用 NHDPlus 结合其他国家一致的框架（如流域边界数据集的 12 位水文单元代码子流域）解决沿海水域鱼类咨询的州际一致性问题的方法。建议采用概率调查方法，以促进 NLFA 以及其他 EPA 基于水质的计划中监测和风险评估结论的制定方面的跨司法管辖区一致性。
