Department of Occupational Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010 Aug;83(6):639-51. doi: 10.1007/s00420-010-0511-9. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the psychosocial work environment--at the individual level as well as the workplace level--in explaining the variability in the employees' perception of the indoor environment.
The perception of the indoor environment was surveyed by questionnaires among 3,281 employees in 39 randomly selected workplaces. Multilevel logistic regression analyses included individual-level and workplace-level covariates to examine the effect of context. Associations between psychosocial risk factors at the workplace level and the employees' perception of the indoor environment was calculated as the interval odds ratios while between-workplace variations were quantified by intraclass correlations and median odds ratios.
We found moderate differences between the workplaces in the perception of the indoor environment, but large differences between individuals in the same building indicating that some occupants of a building do perceive problems in the indoor environment even in the absence of a general indoor air problem in the workplace. The type of organisation accounted for some of the variation in perceived indoor environment. Psychosocial work environment factors at the individual level, but not at the workplace-level, were associated with the individual perception of the indoor environment. In addition, an increased tendency to report symptoms was strongly associated with complaints about the indoor environment suggesting bias due to a tendency to "over-report".
In studies investigating "sick buildings" contextual factors may be important. Multilevel analyses should be used in future research within workplaces where clustering could be expected.
本研究旨在探讨心理社会工作环境（个体层面和工作场所层面）在解释员工对室内环境感知的变异性方面的作用。
通过问卷调查，对 39 个随机选择的工作场所的 3281 名员工的室内环境感知进行了调查。多水平逻辑回归分析包括个体水平和工作场所水平的协变量，以检验环境的影响。通过计算间隔优势比来评估工作场所层面的心理社会危险因素与员工对室内环境的感知之间的关联，通过组内相关系数和中位数优势比来量化工作场所之间的差异。
我们发现，员工对室内环境的感知存在中等程度的工作场所差异，但同一建筑物内的个体差异较大，表明即使工作场所没有普遍的室内空气质量问题，建筑物内的一些居住者也会感觉到室内环境存在问题。组织类型解释了部分室内环境感知的差异。个体层面的心理社会工作环境因素与个体对室内环境的感知有关，但工作场所层面的因素则没有。此外，报告症状的倾向增加与对室内环境的抱怨强烈相关，这表明存在由于倾向于“过度报告”而产生的偏差。
在研究“病态建筑”时，环境因素可能很重要。在未来的研究中，应该在预期会出现聚类的工作场所中使用多水平分析。
