Cognitive Neuroscience Section, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1440, USA.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2010 Dec;5(4):378-84. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsq005. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
Moral judgment is an evaluation of the actions and character of a person made with respect to societal norms. Although many types of vignettes have been used in previous studies on moral beliefs and judgment, what is missing is a set of standardized common vignettes based in real life. The goal of this study was to provide researchers with stimuli that have values on several dimensions pertaining to moral judgment and whose underlying components are known. These values will allow researchers to select stimuli based on standardized ratings rather than on the results of pilot studies, while avoiding the limitations of the classic, abstract moral scenarios. Our study was composed of three phases, (i) collecting and shortening the vignettes, (ii) obtaining ratings of the vignettes on several dimensions including emotional intensity, degree of social norm violation, and level of harm or benefit caused and (iii) determining the underlying components of the vignettes by performing a factor analysis. We found three components that accounted for most of the variance: norm violation, social affect and intention. The resulting vignettes can be used in future parametric studies on moral judgment in behavioral, neuropsychological and functional imaging experiments.
道德判断是一种基于社会规范对一个人的行为和性格的评价。尽管之前的许多研究都使用了道德信仰和判断的情境片段，但缺少的是一套基于现实生活的标准化通用情境片段。本研究的目的是为研究人员提供具有多种道德判断维度价值的刺激物，且其潜在成分是已知的。这些价值将使研究人员能够根据标准化的评分来选择刺激物，而不是根据初步研究的结果，同时避免经典的抽象道德情境的局限性。我们的研究由三个阶段组成：（i）收集和缩短情境片段；（ii）对多个维度（包括情感强度、社会规范违反程度、造成的伤害或益处程度）对情境片段进行评分；（iii）通过进行因素分析确定情境片段的潜在成分。我们发现了三个解释大部分变异的成分：规范违反、社会影响和意图。得到的情境片段可用于未来在行为、神经心理学和功能成像实验中进行关于道德判断的参数研究。
