University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Webster Hall, Suite 300, 3811 O'Hara Street, USA.
Curr Opin Neurol. 2010 Apr;23(2):124-30. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e32833782d4.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have had a profound impact on the delineation of the neurobiologic basis for autism. Advances in fMRI technology for investigating functional connectivity, resting state connectivity, and a default mode network have provided further detail about disturbances in brain organization and brain-behavior relationships in autism to be reviewed in this article.
Recent fMRI studies have provided evidence of enhanced activation and connectivity of posterior, or parietal-occipital, networks and enhanced reliance on visuospatial abilities for visual and verbal reasoning in high functioning individuals with autism. Evidence also indicates altered activation in frontostriatal networks for cognitive control, particularly involving anterior cingulate cortex, and altered connectivity in the resting state and the default mode network. The findings suggest that the specialization of many cortical networks of the human brain has failed to develop fully in high functioning individuals with autism.
This research provides a growing specification of to the neurobiologic basis for this complex syndrome and for the co-occurrence of the signs and symptoms as a syndrome. With this knowledge has come new neurobiologically based opportunities for intervention.
功能磁共振成像研究对自闭症神经生物学基础的描绘产生了深远的影响。本文将对 fMRI 技术在研究功能连接、静息态连接和默认模式网络方面的进展进行综述，这些进展为自闭症患者的大脑组织和脑-行为关系的紊乱提供了更多细节。
最近的 fMRI 研究提供了证据，表明自闭症高功能个体的后（或顶枕）网络的激活和连接增强，并且在视觉和语言推理方面对视觉空间能力的依赖增强。证据还表明，认知控制的额-纹状体网络的激活改变，特别是涉及前扣带皮层，以及静息状态和默认模式网络的连接改变。这些发现表明，自闭症高功能个体的大脑许多皮质网络的专业化未能充分发展。
这项研究为这一复杂综合征的神经生物学基础以及作为综合征的体征和症状的共同发生提供了越来越具体的描述。随着这方面知识的增加，出现了新的基于神经生物学的干预机会。
