Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 Mar;42(2):523-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.09.018. Epub 2009 Oct 21.
The driving behavior of older adults has been traditionally examined using questionnaires and diaries. The accuracy of self-reports has been questioned, and in-vehicle recording devices touted as more objective measures of real-world driving. The purposes of this study were to replicate and extend prior research comparing self-report and actual measures of driving exposure and patterns. Two electronic devices were installed in the vehicles of 61 drivers (67-92 years, 59% women) who were instructed to drive as usual over 1-week. Participants completed trip logs, daily diaries, a questionnaire on usual driving habits, ratings of situational driving frequency and avoidance and a follow-up interview. Only 53% of the sample attempted to estimate how far they had driven over the week and self-estimates were inaccurate (ME=77.5 km; CV=44.5%). Drivers tended to miss a significant number of trips and stops in their diaries. Driving behavior over the week was fairly consistent with usual practices regarding time of day, driving in certain areas, and night driving. However, subjects drove in challenging situations more than usual. Triangulating multiple sources of electronic and self-reported data provided a better understanding about the behavior of older drivers.
老年人的驾驶行为传统上使用问卷和日记进行检查。自我报告的准确性受到质疑，而车载记录设备被吹捧为更客观的实际驾驶行为衡量标准。本研究的目的是复制和扩展先前比较驾驶暴露和模式的自我报告和实际测量的研究。在 61 名驾驶员（67-92 岁，59%为女性）的车辆中安装了两个电子设备，他们被指示在一周内照常驾驶。参与者完成了行程日志、每日日记、一份关于日常驾驶习惯的问卷、对情境驾驶频率和回避的评分以及后续访谈。只有 53%的样本试图估计他们在一周内行驶了多远，自我估计不准确（ME=77.5 公里；CV=44.5%）。驾驶员在日记中往往会错过很多行程和停车。一周内的驾驶行为与日常实践在时间、特定区域驾驶和夜间驾驶方面相当一致。然而，与往常相比，受试者在具有挑战性的情况下驾驶的次数更多。对多个电子和自我报告数据来源的三角测量提供了对老年驾驶员行为的更好理解。
