Osypuk Theresa L, Galea Sandro, McArdle Nancy, Acevedo-Garcia Dolores
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health & Society Scholar; The University of Michigan; 1214 South University, 2 Floor; Ann Arbor, MI 48104.
Urban Aff Rev Thousand Oaks Calif. 2009 Sep 1;45(1):25-65. doi: 10.1177/1078087408331119.
Researchers measuring racial inequality of neighborhood environment across metropolitan areas (MAs) have traditionally employed segregation measures, yet such measures are limited for incorporating a third axis of information, including neighborhood opportunity. Using Census 2000 tract-level data for the largest U.S. MAs, we introduce the interquartile-range overlap statistic to summarize the substantial separation of entire distributions of neighborhood environments between racial groups. We find neighborhood poverty distributions for minorities overlap only 27% with those for whites. Further, the separation of racial groups into neighborhoods of differing poverty rates is strongly correlated with racial residential segregation. The overlap statistic provides a straightforward, policy-relevant metric for monitoring progress towards achieving more equal environments of neighborhood opportunity space.
传统上，衡量大都市地区邻里环境种族不平等的研究人员采用隔离措施，但这些措施在纳入包括邻里机会在内的第三信息轴方面存在局限性。利用2000年人口普查中美国最大都市地区的普查区层面数据，我们引入四分位距重叠统计量，以总结不同种族群体邻里环境整体分布的显著差异。我们发现，少数族裔的邻里贫困分布与白人的邻里贫困分布仅有27%的重叠。此外，将不同种族群体分隔到贫困率不同的邻里与种族居住隔离密切相关。重叠统计量为监测在实现邻里机会空间更平等环境方面取得的进展提供了一个直接且与政策相关的指标。
