Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2010 Jan 19;8(1):59-79. doi: 10.3390/md8010059.
Marine organisms, and specially phytoplankton species, are able to produce a diverse array of toxic compounds that are not yet fully understood in terms of their main targets and biological function. Toxins such as saxitoxins, tetrodotoxin, palytoxin, nodularin, okadaic acid, domoic acid, may be produced in large amounts by dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, bacteria and diatoms and accumulate in vectors that transfer the toxin along food chains. These may affect top predator organisms, including human populations, leading in some cases to death. Nevertheless, these toxins may also affect the reproduction of aquatic organisms that may be in contact with the toxins, either by decreasing the amount or quality of gametes or by affecting embryonic development. Adults of some species may be insensitive to toxins but early stages are more prone to intoxication because they lack effective enzymatic systems to detoxify the toxins and are more exposed to the toxins due to a higher metabolic growth rate. In this paper we review the current knowledge on the effects of some of the most common marine toxins on the reproduction and development of early stages of some organisms.
海洋生物，特别是浮游植物物种，能够产生多种毒性化合物，这些化合物的主要靶标和生物学功能尚不完全清楚。甲藻、蓝藻、细菌和硅藻等能够大量产生如石房蛤毒素、河豚毒素、鲍鱼毒素、鱼腥藻毒素、短裸甲藻酸、软骨藻酸等毒素，并在沿着食物链传递毒素的载体中积累。这些毒素可能会影响包括人类在内的顶级捕食者生物，在某些情况下会导致死亡。然而，这些毒素也可能会影响到接触毒素的水生生物的繁殖，要么通过减少配子的数量或质量，要么通过影响胚胎发育。一些物种的成体会对毒素不敏感，但早期阶段更容易中毒，因为它们缺乏有效的酶系统来解毒毒素，而且由于更高的代谢生长速度，它们更容易接触到毒素。本文综述了一些常见海洋毒素对一些生物早期发育和繁殖的影响的最新知识。
