Department of Microbiology, University of Pune, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India.
Biotechnol Adv. 2010 Jul-Aug;28(4):436-50. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.02.006. Epub 2010 Feb 19.
Marine biosphere offers wealthy flora and fauna, which represents a vast natural resource of imperative functional commercial grade products. Among the various bioactive compounds, biosurfactant (BS)/bioemulsifiers (BE) are attracting major interest and attention due to their structural and functional diversity. The versatile properties of surface active molecules find numerous applications in various industries. Marine microorganisms such as Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Halomonas, Myroides, Corynebacteria, Bacillus, Alteromonas sp. have been studied for production of BS/BE and exopolysaccharides (EPS). Due to the enormity of marine biosphere, most of the marine microbial world remains unexplored. The discovery of potent BS/BE producing marine microorganism would enhance the use of environmental biodegradable surface active molecule and hopefully reduce total dependence or number of new application oriented towards the chemical synthetic surfactant industry. Our present review gives comprehensive information on BS/BE which has been reported to be produced by marine microorganisms and their possible potential future applications.
海洋生物圈提供了丰富的动植物资源，这是一种具有重要功能和商业价值的天然资源。在各种生物活性化合物中，生物表面活性剂（BS）/生物乳化剂（BE）因其结构和功能的多样性而引起了人们的极大兴趣。表面活性分子的多功能特性在各个行业中都有广泛的应用。海洋微生物，如不动杆菌属、节杆菌属、假单胞菌属、盐单胞菌属、微球菌属、棒状杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、交替单胞菌属等，已被研究用于生产 BS/BE 和胞外多糖（EPS）。由于海洋生物圈的巨大，大部分海洋微生物世界仍未被探索。发现具有潜力的产生 BS/BE 的海洋微生物将增强对环境可生物降解表面活性剂的利用，并有望减少对化学合成表面活性剂行业的总依赖或新应用的数量。我们目前的综述提供了有关海洋微生物产生的 BS/BE 的综合信息，以及它们可能具有的潜在未来应用。
