Department of Microbiology, Modern College of Arts, Science, Commerce, Shivajinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
J Basic Microbiol. 2019 Mar;59(3):277-287. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201800364. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
Bioemulsifiers (BE) and biosurfactants (BS) are considered as multifunctional biomolecules of 21 century because of their functional abilities and eco-friendly properties. They are produced by various microorganisms under versatile and extreme environmental conditions. They have tremendous applications in various industries such as petroleum, food, medicine, pharmaceutical, chemical, paper & pulp, textile, and cosmetics. Currently, they are also considered as "green molecules" because of their wide applications in bioremediation of soil. Their importance has been increasing day by day in the global market as they are the natural resources with high-aggregate value. Although, there are numerous reports on BE and BS production by different bacteria, Acinetobacter spp. acquired special attention among all. This is because it is the earliest member known for the production of bioemulsifier. Emulsan and Alasan are the best examples of the commercially used BE produced by Acinetobacter spp. These BE are mainly used in microbial enhanced oil recovery and biodegradation of toxic compounds. This review is focused on BE and BS produced by Acinetobacter spp., their characterization and applications in different fields. This is the first review on genus Acinetobacter which defines independently about different types of BE and BS produced by it. It will also address the need of exploration of these molecules from various sources and their applications for the benefit of mankind and sustainable environment.
生物乳化剂 (BE) 和生物表面活性剂 (BS) 被认为是 21 世纪的多功能生物分子，因为它们具有功能性和环保特性。它们是由各种微生物在多样和极端的环境条件下产生的。它们在石油、食品、医药、制药、化工、造纸和纸浆、纺织和化妆品等各个行业都有巨大的应用。目前，由于它们在土壤生物修复中的广泛应用，它们也被认为是“绿色分子”。由于其作为高附加值自然资源的重要性，它们在全球市场上的地位日益提高。尽管有许多关于不同细菌生产 BE 和 BS 的报道，但不动杆菌属在所有细菌中受到特别关注。这是因为它是最早被发现生产生物乳化剂的成员。Emulsan 和 Alasan 是不动杆菌属生产的商业用途最广泛的 BE 的最佳示例。这些 BE 主要用于微生物强化采油和有毒化合物的生物降解。这篇综述主要集中在不动杆菌属产生的 BE 和 BS 及其特性，以及它们在不同领域的应用。这是第一篇关于不动杆菌属的综述，它独立定义了由它产生的不同类型的 BE 和 BS。它还将探讨从各种来源探索这些分子的必要性及其对人类和可持续环境的应用。
