Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2010 Mar;38(2):221-32. doi: 10.3758/MC.38.2.221.
An implementation intention encoding, one that specifies the concrete situation that is appropriate for initiating an intended action and links that situational cue to the intended action, has been shown to improve prospective memory. One proposed mechanism is that implementation intentions create automatized prospective remembering. This view anticipates that implementation intentions should prevent prospective memory decline in highly cognitively demanding situations. Contrary to this expectation, although implementation intention encoding enhanced prospective memory (Experiments 1 and 2), implementation-intention encoding did not buffer against significant prospective memory decline in high-cognitive-demand conditions (Experiments 1-3), and in Experiment 3, implementation intention encoding produced lower levels of prospective memory performance than did behavioral practice in the high-cognitive-demand situation. We suggest that although implementation intentions may stimulate a strong associative encoding (between an anticipated environmental cue and an intended action), that encoding does not support a completely automatized prospective memory response.
实施意图编码，即指定适合启动预期行为的具体情况，并将该情境线索与预期行为联系起来，已被证明可以提高前瞻性记忆。一种提出的机制是，实施意图创建了自动化的前瞻性记忆。这种观点预计，实施意图应该防止在认知要求很高的情况下出现前瞻性记忆下降。与这一预期相反，尽管实施意图编码增强了前瞻性记忆（实验 1 和 2），但在认知要求高的情况下，实施意图编码并没有缓冲显著的前瞻性记忆下降（实验 1-3），在实验 3 中，实施意图编码在高认知需求情况下产生的前瞻性记忆表现低于行为实践。我们认为，尽管实施意图可能会激发强烈的联想编码（在预期的环境线索和预期的行为之间），但这种编码并不能支持完全自动化的前瞻性记忆反应。
