Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
J Community Health. 2010 Oct;35(5):543-8. doi: 10.1007/s10900-010-9240-y.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began funding a Smoke Alarm Installation and Fire Safety Education (SAIFE) program in 1998. This program involves the installation of lithium-powered "10-year" smoke alarms in homes at high risk for fires and injuries. This study aimed to (1) determine among original SAIFE homes if the lithium-powered alarms were still present and functional 8-10 years after installation and (2) understand factors related to smoke alarm presence and functionality. Data on a total of 384 homes and 601 smoke alarms in five states were collected and analyzed. Only one-third of alarms were still functional; 37% of installed alarms were missing; and 30% of alarms were present, but not functioning. Alarms were less likely to be functioning if they were installed in the kitchen and if homes had a different resident at follow-up. Of the 351 alarms that were present and had a battery at the time of the evaluation, only 21% contained lithium-powered batteries. Of these, 78% were still functioning. Programs that install lithium-powered alarms should use units that have sealed-in batteries and "hush" buttons. Additionally, education should be given on smoke alarm maintenance that includes a message that batteries in these alarms should not be replaced. Lithium-powered smoke alarms should last up to 10 years if maintained properly.
美国疾病控制与预防中心于 1998 年开始资助一项烟雾报警器安装和消防安全教育（SAIFE）计划。该计划涉及在火灾和受伤风险较高的家庭中安装锂供电的“10 年”烟雾报警器。本研究旨在：（1）确定在最初的 SAIFE 家庭中，安装 8-10 年后，锂供电的报警器是否仍然存在且功能正常；（2）了解与烟雾报警器存在和功能相关的因素。在五个州共收集和分析了 384 户家庭和 601 个烟雾报警器的数据。只有三分之一的报警器仍然有效；37%的安装报警器失踪；30%的报警器虽然存在，但无法正常工作。如果报警器安装在厨房，如果家庭在随访时有不同的居民，那么它们不太可能正常工作。在当时评估时存在且装有电池的 351 个报警器中，只有 21%装有锂供电电池。其中，78%仍在正常工作。安装锂供电报警器的计划应使用具有密封电池和“静音”按钮的装置。此外，应进行有关烟雾报警器维护的教育，其中包括一个信息，即这些报警器中的电池不应更换。如果维护得当，锂供电烟雾报警器的使用寿命应长达 10 年。
