Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine. Irvine CA 92697, USA.
Am J Transl Res. 2010 Jan 1;2(1):1-18.
Cancer is responsible for one in eight deaths worldwide, with more than twelve million new cases diagnosed yearly. A large percentage of patients die after developing cancer despite aggressive treatment, indicating a need for new approaches to cancer therapy. The push for development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents has allowed translational cancer research to flourish. Genomic and proteomic technologies have generated an enormous amount of information critical to expanding our understanding of cancer biology. New research on the differences between normal and malignant cell biology has paved the way for the development of drugs targeted to specific biological molecules, potentially increasing antitumor efficacy while minimizing the toxicity to the patient that is seen with conventional therapeutics. Current targets in include regulators of cell cycle, angiogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, and growth factors and their receptors. Collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical companies is vital to conducting clinical trials to translate laboratory findings into clinically applicable therapeutics. In this review, we discuss current therapeutic approaches and present an introduction to a wide range of topics undergoing investigation in an effort to highlight the importance of translational research in the development of clinically relevant therapeutic strategies.
癌症是全球每八人死亡的原因之一，每年诊断出超过 1200 万例新病例。尽管进行了积极的治疗，但仍有很大比例的患者在癌症发展后死亡，这表明需要新的癌症治疗方法。开发新型诊断和治疗药物的推动使转化癌症研究蓬勃发展。基因组学和蛋白质组学技术产生了大量对扩大我们对癌症生物学理解至关重要的信息。关于正常和恶性细胞生物学差异的新研究为开发针对特定生物分子的药物铺平了道路，这可能会提高抗肿瘤疗效，同时最大限度地减少传统疗法对患者的毒性。目前的靶点包括细胞周期、血管生成、细胞凋亡、DNA 修复以及生长因子及其受体的调节剂。研究人员、临床医生和制药公司之间的合作对于进行临床试验将实验室发现转化为临床适用的治疗方法至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了当前的治疗方法，并介绍了广泛的正在研究的主题，以强调转化研究在开发临床相关治疗策略中的重要性。
