Department of Developmental Biology, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Feb;2(2):a000349. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a000349.
Bacterial chromosomes are generally approximately 1000 times longer than the cells in which they reside, and concurrent replication, segregation, and transcription/translation of this crowded mass of DNA poses a challenging organizational problem. Recent advances in cell-imaging technology with subdiffraction resolution have revealed that the bacterial nucleoid is reliably oriented and highly organized within the cell. Such organization is transmitted from one generation to the next by progressive segregation of daughter chromosomes and anchoring of DNA to the cell envelope. Active segregation by a mitotic machinery appears to be common; however, the mode of chromosome segregation varies significantly from species to species.
细菌染色体通常比其所在的细胞长约 1000 倍，而在如此拥挤的 DNA 大量存在的情况下，同时进行复制、分离和转录/翻译，这对组织提出了具有挑战性的问题。具有亚衍射分辨率的细胞成像技术的最新进展揭示了细菌类核在细胞内可靠地定向和高度组织。这种组织通过子染色体的渐进分离和 DNA 与细胞包膜的锚定，从一代传递到下一代。有丝分裂机制的主动分离似乎很常见；然而，染色体分离的模式在不同物种之间差异显著。
