Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010 Feb 28;10:9. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-9.
Escherichia coli occurs naturally in the human gut; however, certain strains that can cause infections, are becoming resistant to antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant E. coli that produce extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs), such as the CTX-M enzymes, have emerged within the community setting as an important cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bloodstream infections may be associated with these community-onsets. This is the first report testing the antibiotic resistance-modifying activity of nineteen Jordanian plants against multidrug-resistant E. coli.
The susceptibility of bacterial isolates to antibiotics was tested by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using a broth microdilution method. Nineteen Jordanian plant extracts (Capparis spinosa L., Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Echinops polyceras Boiss., Gundelia tournefortii L, Varthemia iphionoides Boiss. & Blanche, Eruca sativa Mill., Euphorbia macroclada L., Hypericum trequetrifolium Turra, Achillea santolina L., Mentha longifolia Host, Origanum syriacum L., Phlomis brachydo(Boiss.) Zohary, Teucrium polium L., Anagyris foetida L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Thea sinensis L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Lepidium sativum L., Pimpinella anisum L.) were combined with antibiotics, from different classes, and the inhibitory effect of the combinations was estimated.
Methanolic extracts of the plant materials enhanced the inhibitory effects of chloramphenicol, neomycin, doxycycline, cephalexin and nalidixic acid against both the standard strain and to a lesser extent the resistant strain of E. coli. Two edible plant extracts (Gundelia tournefortii L. and Pimpinella anisum L.) generally enhanced activity against resistant strain. Some of the plant extracts like Origanum syriacum L.(Labiateae), Trigonella foenum- graecum L.(Leguminosae), Euphorbia macroclada (Euphorbiaceae) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae) did not enhance the activity of amoxicillin against both standard and resistant E. coli. On the other hand combinations of amoxicillin with other plant extracts used showed variable effect between standard and resistant strains. Plant extracts like Anagyris foetida (Leguminosae) and Lepidium sativum (Umbelliferae) reduced the activity of amoxicillin against the standard strain but enhanced the activity against resistant strains. Three edible plants; Gundelia tournefortii L. (Compositae) Eruca sativa Mill. (Cruciferae), and Origanum syriacum L. (Labiateae), enhanced activity of clarithromycin against the resistant E. coli strain.
This study probably suggests possibility of concurrent use of these antibiotics and plant extracts in treating infections caused by E. coli or at least the concomitant administration may not impair the antimicrobial activity of these antibiotics.
大肠杆菌自然存在于人类肠道中；然而，某些能够引起感染的菌株对抗生素产生了耐药性。在社区环境中，产生扩展谱β内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的多药耐药大肠杆菌（如 CTX-M 酶）已成为尿路感染（UTI）和血流感染的重要原因，这些感染可能与这些社区发病有关。这是第一项测试 19 种约旦植物对多药耐药大肠杆菌的抗生素耐药修饰活性的报告。
使用肉汤微量稀释法测定细菌分离物对抗生素的敏感性，确定其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。测试了 19 种约旦植物提取物（蓟 Spinosa L.、白花蒿 Artemisia herba-alba Asso、Echinops polyceras Boiss.、Gundelia tournefortii L.、Varthemia iphionoides Boiss. & Blanche、芸薹属 Eruca sativa Mill.、大戟属 Euphorbia macroclada L.、贯叶金丝桃 Hypericum trequetrifolium Turra、山柳菊 Achillea santolina L.、薄荷 Mentha longifolia Host、牛至 Origanum syriacum L.、Phlomis brachydo（Boiss.）Zohary、筋骨草 Teucrium polium L.、醉蝶花 Anagyris foetida L.、三叶草 Trigonella foenum-graecum L.、茶树 Thea sinensis L.、黄蜀葵 Hibiscus sabdariffa L.、蕺菜 Lepidium sativum L.、八角茴香 Pimpinella anisum L.）与抗生素联合使用，并评估组合的抑制作用。
植物材料的甲醇提取物增强了氯霉素、新霉素、强力霉素、头孢氨苄和萘啶酸对标准菌株和耐药菌株大肠杆菌的抑制作用。两种食用植物提取物（Gundelia tournefortii L. 和 Pimpinella anisum L.）通常增强了对耐药菌株的活性。一些植物提取物，如牛至（唇形科）、三叶草（豆科）、大戟（大戟科）和黄蜀葵（锦葵科），并没有增强阿莫西林对标准和耐药大肠杆菌的活性。另一方面，阿莫西林与其他植物提取物的组合对标准和耐药菌株的活性表现出不同的影响。植物提取物，如醉蝶花（豆科）和蕺菜（伞形科），降低了阿莫西林对标准菌株的活性，但增强了对耐药菌株的活性。三种食用植物；Gundelia tournefortii L.（菊科）、芸薹属 Eruca sativa Mill.（十字花科）和牛至 Origanum syriacum L.（唇形科）增强了克拉霉素对耐药大肠杆菌菌株的活性。
本研究可能表明，这些抗生素和植物提取物在治疗大肠杆菌引起的感染时可以同时使用，或者至少同时使用不会损害这些抗生素的抗菌活性。
