McMakin Dana L, Santiago Catherine D, Shirk Stephen R
University of Denver, Department of Psychology. Denver, CO.
J Posit Psychol. 2009 Mar;4(2):182-192. doi: 10.1080/17439760802650600.
Prior research has demonstrated attenuated reactivity to positive stimuli among depressed and dysphoric individuals, and inconsistent evidence regarding attenuated reactivity to negative stimuli. However, such research has measured experiential reactivity to emotion stimuli in one static moment, which may obscure important information regarding the time course and dynamics of emotion. The current study employed continuous measurement of experiential emotion during and following the presentation of emotion eliciting film clips. Results revealed that dysphoric individuals (n=16), as compared to nondysphoric controls (n=31), were equally responsive to positive and negative film clips in terms of peak reactivity during and following the clip. The most striking difference between groups was that dysphoric individuals showed a shortened time course of positive emotion. These emotion dynamics suggest that perhaps the most important aspect of positive emotion regulation in the context of depressed mood is not the inability to initially react to a positive experience, but rather the inability to maintain positive emotion. Possible underlying mechanisms of positive emotion regulation are discussed, and implications for intervention are highlighted.
先前的研究表明，抑郁和烦躁不安的个体对积极刺激的反应性减弱，而关于对消极刺激的反应性减弱的证据并不一致。然而，此类研究在一个静态时刻测量了对情绪刺激的体验性反应，这可能会掩盖有关情绪的时间进程和动态变化的重要信息。本研究在呈现引发情绪的电影片段期间及之后，对体验性情绪进行了连续测量。结果显示，与无烦躁情绪的对照组（n = 31）相比，烦躁不安的个体（n = 16）在片段期间及之后的峰值反应方面，对积极和消极电影片段的反应相同。两组之间最显著的差异在于，烦躁不安的个体表现出积极情绪的时间进程缩短。这些情绪动态变化表明，在抑郁情绪背景下，积极情绪调节或许最重要的方面并非最初无法对积极体验做出反应，而是无法维持积极情绪。文中讨论了积极情绪调节可能的潜在机制，并强调了其对干预的启示。
