Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1104, USA.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010;6:495-525. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131208.
The development of children's emotion-related self-regulation appears to be related to, and likely involved in, many aspects of children's development. In this review, the distinction between effortful self-regulatory processes and those that are somewhat less voluntary is discussed, and literature on the former capacities is reviewed. Emotion-related self-regulation develops rapidly in the early years of life and improves more slowly into adulthood. Individual differences in children's self-regulation are fairly stable after the first year or two of life. Such individual differences are inversely related to at least some types of externalizing problems. Findings for internalizing problems are less consistent and robust, although emotion-related self-regulation appears to be inversely related to internalizing problems after the early years. Self-regulatory capacities have been related to both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction. Some interventions designed to foster self-regulation and, hence, reduce maladjustment, have proved to be at least partially effective.
儿童情绪相关自我调节能力的发展似乎与儿童发展的许多方面有关，并且可能涉及其中。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了努力的自我调节过程和那些不那么自愿的自我调节过程之间的区别，并回顾了前者能力的相关文献。情绪相关的自我调节能力在生命的早期迅速发展，并在成年后缓慢提高。儿童自我调节能力的个体差异在生命的头一两年后相当稳定。这种个体差异与至少某些类型的外化问题呈负相关。内化问题的研究结果则不那么一致和可靠，尽管情绪相关的自我调节能力似乎与内化问题呈负相关，尤其是在生命早期之后。自我调节能力与遗传和环境因素及其相互作用有关。一些旨在培养自我调节能力从而减少适应不良的干预措施已被证明至少在一定程度上是有效的。
