Ehlayel Mohammad S, Bener Abdulbari, Abdulrahman Hatim M
Unit of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar.
Turk J Pediatr. 2009 Nov-Dec;51(6):527-33.
In developed communities, the effect of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is encouraged since it has been found to be protective against infantile diarrhea. In a newly developing Qatar, modern water supply and sanitation facilities have become available to everyone during the last two decades. The objectives of the current study were to explore the relationships between breastfeeding and diarrhea and to assess the effect of EBF on the risk reduction of diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted in the Well-Baby clinics and pediatric clinics in the 11 Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers and Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar. A multistage sampling design was used, and a representative sample of 1500 Qatari infants and pre-school children in the age group of 1-5 years and mothers aged between 18 to 47 years were surveyed during the period from October 2006 to September 2007; 1,278 mothers agreed to participate in this study, with a response rate of 85.2%. The sociodemographic characteristics, feeding modes and diarrhea morbidity were collected from the parents of the children during the interview. Of the 1,278 infants studied, more than half (59.3%) were EBF, followed by those partially breastfed (28.3%), and finally the formula fed (12.4%). The duration of EBF was 11.4 +/- 6.7 months (mean +/- SD) and the duration of partial breastfeeding with bottled milk was 9.2 +/- 4.1 months (mean +/- SD), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0010). When compared to the EBF infants, the risk of diarrhea was higher and statistically significant in both the partially breastfed (48.7% vs 32.5%) and in the non-EBF (37.3% vs 32.5%, p<0.001). Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), short duration of breastfeeding, level of maternal education, and sterilization of bottles were considered as predictors. These results indicate that in Qatar, breastfeeding plays an important role in reducing the incidence and severity of infantile diarrhea. This observation is particularly important given the growing concern that, as an unwanted effect of 'modernization', breastfeeding is on the decline in Qatar and comparable populations elsewhere.
在发达社区，纯母乳喂养（EBF）的效果受到鼓励，因为已发现它对预防婴儿腹泻有保护作用。在新兴的卡塔尔，在过去二十年里，现代供水和卫生设施已普及到每个人。本研究的目的是探讨母乳喂养与腹泻之间的关系，并评估纯母乳喂养对降低1至5岁儿童腹泻风险的作用。这是一项在卡塔尔哈马德医疗公司下属的11个初级卫生保健（PHC）中心以及哈马德总医院的母婴保健诊所和儿科诊所进行的横断面调查。采用了多阶段抽样设计，在2006年10月至2007年9月期间，对1500名年龄在1至5岁的卡塔尔婴儿和学龄前儿童以及年龄在18至47岁的母亲进行了代表性抽样调查；1278名母亲同意参与本研究，应答率为85.2%。在访谈过程中，从儿童家长那里收集了社会人口学特征、喂养方式和腹泻发病率。在1278名接受研究的婴儿中，超过一半（59.3%）是纯母乳喂养，其次是部分母乳喂养的婴儿（28.3%），最后是人工喂养的婴儿（12.4%）。纯母乳喂养的持续时间为11.4±6.7个月（均值±标准差），部分母乳喂养加瓶装奶的持续时间为9.2±4.1个月（均值±标准差），差异具有统计学意义（p<0.0010）。与纯母乳喂养的婴儿相比，部分母乳喂养（48.7%对32.5%）和非纯母乳喂养（37.3%对32.5%，p<0.001）的婴儿腹泻风险更高且具有统计学意义。上呼吸道感染（URTI）、母乳喂养时间短、母亲教育水平和奶瓶消毒情况被视为预测因素。这些结果表明，在卡塔尔，母乳喂养在降低婴儿腹泻的发病率和严重程度方面起着重要作用。鉴于人们越来越担心，作为“现代化”的一个不良影响，母乳喂养在卡塔尔和其他类似人群中正在减少，这一观察结果尤为重要。
