University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Mar;137(3):424-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.12.022.
The aim of this study was to assess the use of 3-dimensional facial averages in determining facial morphologic differences in 2 white population groups.
Three-dimensional images were obtained in a reproducible and controlled environment from a commercially available stereo-photogrammetric camera capture system. The 3dMDface system (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga) photographed 200 subjects from 2 population groups (Budapest, Hungary, and Houston, Tex); each group included 50 men and 50 women, aged 18 to 30 years. Each face was obtained as a facial mesh and orientated along a triangulated axis. All faces were overlaid, one on top of the other, and a complex mathematical algorithm was used until an average composite face of 1 man and 1 woman was obtained for each subgroup (Hungarian men, Hungarian women, Texas men, and Texas women). These average facial composites were superimposed (men and women) based on a previously validated superimposition method, and the facial differences were quantified.
Distinct facial differences were observed between the population groups. These differences could be seen in the nasal, malar, lips, and lower facial regions. In general, the mean facial differences were 0.55 +/- 0.60 mm between the Hungarian and Texas women, and 0.44 +/- 0.42 mm between the Hungarian and Texas men. The ranges of differences were -2.02 to 3.77 and -2.05 to 1.94 mm for the female and male pairings, respectively.
Three-dimensional facial averages representing the facial soft-tissue morphology of adults can be used to assess diagnostic and treatment regimens for patients by population. Each population is different with respect to their soft-tissue structures, and traditional soft-tissue normative data (eg, white norms) should be altered and used for specific groups.
本研究旨在评估 3 维面部平均值在确定 2 个白种人群面部形态差异中的作用。
使用商用立体摄影测量相机捕获系统在可重复和受控的环境中获得 3 维图像。3dMDface 系统（3dMD，亚特兰大，GA）拍摄了来自 2 个人群组（匈牙利布达佩斯和德克萨斯州休斯顿）的 200 名受试者；每个组包括 50 名男性和 50 名女性，年龄在 18 至 30 岁之间。每个面部都作为面部网格获得，并沿着三角形轴定向。所有面部都重叠在一起，然后使用复杂的数学算法，直到为每个子组（匈牙利男性、匈牙利女性、德克萨斯男性和德克萨斯女性）获得 1 名男性和 1 名女性的平均复合面部。这些平均面部复合根据以前验证的叠加方法进行叠加（男性和女性），并量化面部差异。
观察到人群组之间存在明显的面部差异。这些差异可以在鼻、颧骨、嘴唇和下面部区域看到。一般来说，匈牙利女性和德克萨斯女性之间的平均面部差异为 0.55 +/- 0.60 毫米，匈牙利男性和德克萨斯男性之间的差异为 0.44 +/- 0.42 毫米。女性和男性配对的差异范围分别为-2.02 至 3.77 毫米和-2.05 至 1.94 毫米。
可以使用代表成年人面部软组织形态的 3 维面部平均值来评估针对人群的患者的诊断和治疗方案。每个群体在其软组织结构方面都有所不同，因此应该修改和使用传统的软组织正常数据（例如白人正常数据）来针对特定群体。
