Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Chemosphere. 2010 Apr;79(3):259-65. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.047. Epub 2010 Mar 2.
Data on pesticide body load in the south China region are scarce. Here, we report the concentrations of 24 persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in 10 pools of human milk samples, collected at 2-6weeks postpartum from 238 primiparous women living in Hong Kong and south China, who participated in the 2002-2003 WHO exposure study. Residues were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detector and confirmed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The mean levels of alpha-HCH (mean 0.6ngg(-1) fat), beta-HCH (940ngg(-1) fat), gamma-HCH (1.8ngg(-1) fat), dieldrin (1.0ngg(-1) fat) and HCB (21.8ngg(-1) fat) were much lower than the 1985 estimates. Mean levels of alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH, dieldrin, cis-heptachlor-epoxide (0.7ngg(-1) fat), sum-chlordane (6.1ngg(-1) fat), trans-nonachlor (12.0ngg(-1) fat), BDE 47 (1.9ngg(-1) fat) and sum PBDE (3.4ngg(-1) fat) were comparable to the international median levels of the 15 other countries participating in the 2002-03 WHO exposure study. Hong Kong had the highest level of beta-HCH, possibly a residual effect of previous high exposures in the 1970s. Body loads of beta-HCH and chlordane were lower among mothers with younger age while mothers born in mainland China had lower levels of beta-HCH, cis-heptachlor-epoxide, oxy-chlordane and trans-nonachlor. Levels of toxaphene, endrin, endosulfan, bromcyclene and nitrofen were not detected in all or almost all of the milk pools. Continuous monitoring of POPs in human milk, especially beta-HCH, is needed for surveillance and interpretation of time trends, and for linkage to strict enforcement of agricultural regulations.
中国南方地区的农药体负荷数据较为缺乏。本研究报告了 2002-2003 年世界卫生组织（WHO）接触研究中，来自中国香港和南方地区的 238 名初产妇在产后 2-6 周时采集的 10 个人乳样本池中 24 种持久性有机污染物（POPs）的浓度。采用电子捕获检测器的气相色谱法和质谱法确认来确定残留物。α-六氯环己烷（脂肪中平均浓度为 0.6ng/g）、β-六氯环己烷（脂肪中平均浓度为 940ng/g）、γ-六氯环己烷（脂肪中平均浓度为 1.8ng/g）、狄氏剂（脂肪中平均浓度为 1.0ng/g）和六氯苯（脂肪中平均浓度为 21.8ng/g）的含量均远低于 1985 年的估计值。α-六氯环己烷、γ-六氯环己烷、狄氏剂、顺式-七氯环氧化物（脂肪中平均浓度为 0.7ng/g）、氯丹总和（脂肪中平均浓度为 6.1ng/g）、反式-十氯酮（脂肪中平均浓度为 12.0ng/g）、BDE-47（脂肪中平均浓度为 1.9ng/g）和 PBDE 总和（脂肪中平均浓度为 3.4ng/g）的含量与参加 2002-2003 年 WHO 接触研究的其他 15 个国家的国际中位数水平相当。香港的β-六氯环己烷含量最高，这可能是 20 世纪 70 年代以前高暴露的残留影响。而年龄较小的母亲体内β-六氯环己烷和氯丹的含量较低，而在中国内地出生的母亲体内β-六氯环己烷、顺式-七氯环氧化物、氧氯丹和反式-十氯酮的含量较低。所有或几乎所有人乳样本池均未检测到硫丹、艾氏剂、硫丹硫酸盐、溴环十二烷和硝基酚。需要对人乳中的 POPs 进行持续监测，特别是β-六氯环己烷，以进行监测和解释时间趋势，并将其与严格执行农业法规联系起来。
