Zippel Nina, Schulze Margit, Tobiasch Edda
Department of Natural, Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany.
Recent Pat Biotechnol. 2010 Jan;4(1):1-22. doi: 10.2174/187220810790069497.
The reconstruction of hard and soft tissues is a major challenge in regenerative medicine, since diseases or traumas are causing increasing numbers of tissue defects due to the aging of the population. Modern tissue engineering is increasingly using three-dimensional structured biomaterials in combination with stem cells as cell source, since mature cells are often not available in sufficient amounts or quality. Biomaterial scaffolds are developed that not only serve as cell carriers providing mechanical support, but actively influence cellular responses including cell attachment and proliferation. Chemical modifications such as the incorporation of chemotactic factors or cell adhesion molecules are examined for their ability to enhance tissue development successfully. E.g. growth factors have been investigated extensively as substances able to support cell growth, differentiation and angiogenesis. Thus, continuously new patents and studies are published, which are investigating the advantages and disadvantages of different biomaterials or cell types for the regeneration of specific tissues. This review focuses on biomaterials, including natural and synthetic polymers, ceramics and corresponding composites used as scaffold materials to support cell proliferation and differentiation for hard and soft tissues regeneration. In addition, the local delivery of drugs by scaffold biomaterials is discussed.
硬组织和软组织的重建是再生医学中的一项重大挑战，因为随着人口老龄化，疾病或创伤导致的组织缺损数量日益增加。现代组织工程越来越多地使用三维结构化生物材料，并结合干细胞作为细胞来源，因为成熟细胞往往数量不足或质量不佳。人们开发出生物材料支架，其不仅作为提供机械支撑的细胞载体，还能积极影响细胞反应，包括细胞附着和增殖。人们研究了诸如掺入趋化因子或细胞粘附分子等化学修饰，以考察其成功促进组织发育的能力。例如，生长因子作为能够支持细胞生长、分化和血管生成的物质，已得到广泛研究。因此，不断有新的专利和研究发表，探讨不同生物材料或细胞类型在特定组织再生中的优缺点。本综述聚焦于生物材料，包括用作支架材料以支持硬组织和软组织再生中细胞增殖和分化的天然和合成聚合物、陶瓷及相应复合材料。此外，还讨论了支架生物材料局部给药的问题。
