Department of Psychology, Sacramento State University, Sacramento, CA 95819-6007, USA.
Psychol Health. 2010 Sep;25(7):805-20. doi: 10.1080/08870440902883212.
The aging process is associated with increased risk for disease which can cause physical and economic burden for older adults. In a national longitudinal sample of 3910 participants aged 24-75 years (55% women), we examined psychosocial and behavioural factors associated with physical health in adulthood. With hierarchical regression analyses controlling for Time 1 values of the dependent variable and demographic characteristics, we found that participants reporting better social relations, a higher sense of control, a smaller waist circumference and greater physical activity at Time 1 reported better self-rated physical health (Adj. R(2) = 0.33, F (11, 3661) = 164.66, p < 0.001) and less physical disability (Adj. R(2) = 0.44, F (13, 3659) = 226.25, p < 0.001) 9 years later than their counterparts reported. Furthermore, significant interactions showed that smaller waist circumference and greater physical activity at Time 1 attenuated age-related increases in physical disability. Beneficial effects of physical fitness are considered within the context of lifespan theories of health, and implications for interventions are discussed.
衰老过程与疾病风险增加有关，这会给老年人带来身体和经济负担。在一项针对 3910 名 24-75 岁成年人（55%为女性）的全国纵向样本中，我们研究了与成年期身体健康相关的心理社会和行为因素。通过分层回归分析控制因变量的时间 1 值和人口统计学特征，我们发现与报告更好的社会关系、更高的控制感、更小的腰围和更多的身体活动的参与者相比，报告时间 1 的身体活动和更小的腰围的参与者报告了更好的自我评估的身体健康（调整后的 R²=0.33，F（11,3661）=164.66，p<0.001）和更少的身体残疾（调整后的 R²=0.44，F（13,3659）=226.25，p<0.001）9 年后。此外，显著的交互作用表明，较小的腰围和更大的身体活动在时间 1 上减轻了与年龄相关的身体残疾的增加。身体健康的有益影响被认为是在健康的寿命理论背景下，讨论了干预的意义。
