利什曼病和塞浦路斯悖论。
Leishmaniases and the Cyprus paradox.
机构信息
Veterinary Services of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
出版信息
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Mar;82(3):441-8. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0282.
Abstract
In Cyprus, leishmaniasis has been considered exclusively a veterinary problem. It was prevalent before 1945, and until its recent reemergence, it was nearly eradicated by 1996 as a consequence of the destruction of reservoir hosts and vectors. A survey carried out to provide an unbiased estimate of current transmission rates in dogs and humans showed a 9-fold increase in dog seroprevalence (reaching 14.9%) compared with 10 years ago. However, no human cases caused by Leishmania infantum were detected, although L. donovani cases were reported recently. The 62 strains isolated from dogs were typed as L. infantum MON-1 (98.4%), which is the predominating zymodeme in the Mediterranean region, and MON-98 (1.6%). The Phlebotomus species P. tobbi (vector of L. infantum in Cyprus), P. galilaeus, and P. papatasi were the predominant species captured. Two transmission cycles seem to run in parallel in Cyprus: in dogs with L. infantum and in humans with L. donovani.
摘要
在塞浦路斯，利什曼病曾被视为纯粹的兽医问题。它在 1945 年前就很流行，直到最近再次出现，由于宿主和媒介的破坏，到 1996 年几乎已被根除。为了提供当前犬和人传播率的无偏估计，进行了一项调查，结果显示犬血清阳性率（达到 14.9%）比 10 年前增加了 9 倍。然而，尽管最近报告了利什曼原虫病例，但未发现由婴儿利什曼原虫引起的人类病例。从犬身上分离出的 62 株菌株被鉴定为 L. infantum MON-1（98.4%），这是地中海地区主要的同工酶型，还有 MON-98（1.6%）。主要捕获到的白蛉属物种是 P. tobbi（塞浦路斯婴儿利什曼原虫的媒介）、P. galilaeus 和 P. papatasi。在塞浦路斯似乎有两个平行的传播周期：一个是在犬中传播婴儿利什曼原虫，另一个是在人类中传播利什曼原虫。
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