Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2010;342:359-72. doi: 10.1007/82_2010_12.
Primary infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) results in varicella which, in populations where immunization is not used, occurs mostly in children. Varicella is a generalized rash illness with systemic features such as fever and malaise. During varicella, VZV becomes latent in sensory ganglia of the individual, and in 70% it remains asymptomatic for their lifetime. The remaining 30% develop reactivation from latency, resulting in herpes zoster (HZ). HZ usually occurs in persons over the age of 50, and is manifested by a painful unilateral rash that usually lasts about 2 weeks and then may be followed by a chronic pain syndrome called post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). VZV infections are notoriously more severe in immunocompromised hosts than in healthy individuals. Despite gaps in our understanding of the details of immunity to VZV, successful vaccines have been developed against both varicella and zoster.
水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）原发感染可导致水痘，在未进行免疫接种的人群中，水痘主要发生在儿童中。水痘是一种全身性皮疹疾病，伴有发热和不适等全身症状。在水痘期间，VZV 在个体的感觉神经节中潜伏，其中 70%在其一生中无症状。其余 30%会从潜伏状态重新激活，导致带状疱疹（HZ）。HZ 通常发生在 50 岁以上的人群中，表现为单侧疼痛性皮疹，通常持续约 2 周，然后可能出现称为带状疱疹后神经痛（PHN）的慢性疼痛综合征。与健康个体相比，免疫功能低下宿主中的 VZV 感染更为严重。尽管我们对 VZV 免疫的细节了解存在差距，但已针对水痘和带状疱疹开发出了成功的疫苗。
