University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, USA.
Brain Res. 2010 Jun 23;1341:3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.029. Epub 2010 Mar 15.
Sensorimotor deficits affecting voice and swallowing ability can have a devastating impact on the quality of life of people with Parkinson disease (PD). Recent scientific findings in animal models of PD pinpoint targeted exercise therapy as a potential treatment to reduce neurochemical loss and decrease parkinsonian symptoms. Although there may be beneficial effects, targeted exercise therapy is not a standard component of therapy for the cranial sensiromotor deficits seen in PD. In this paper, we review the scientific evidence for targeted training for voice and swallowing deficits. The literature search revealed 19 publications that included targeted training for voice and only one publication that included targeted training for swallowing. We summarize 3 main findings: (1) targeted training may be associated with lasting changes in voice behavior; (2) targeted training of sensorimotor actions with anatomical or functional overlap with voice and swallowing may improve voice and swallowing to some degree, but it is unknown whether these effects endure over time; and (3) evidence regarding cranial sensorimotor interventions for Parkinson disease is sparse. We concluded that targeted training for voice and swallow is a promising but understudied intervention for cranial sensorimotor deficits associated with PD and posit that animal models can be useful in designing empirically based studies that further the science on targeted training.
影响语音和吞咽能力的感觉运动缺陷会对帕金森病（PD）患者的生活质量产生毁灭性影响。PD 动物模型的最新科学发现指出，有针对性的运动疗法可能是一种潜在的治疗方法，可以减少神经化学物质的损失并减轻帕金森症状。尽管可能有有益的效果，但针对 PD 中出现的颅感觉运动缺陷的靶向运动疗法并不是治疗的标准组成部分。在本文中，我们回顾了针对语音和吞咽缺陷的靶向训练的科学证据。文献检索发现了 19 篇包含针对语音的靶向训练的出版物，以及一篇包含针对吞咽的靶向训练的出版物。我们总结了 3 个主要发现：（1）靶向训练可能与语音行为的持久变化有关；（2）针对与语音和吞咽具有解剖或功能重叠的感觉运动动作的靶向训练可能在某种程度上改善语音和吞咽，但尚不清楚这些效果是否会随着时间的推移而持久；（3）针对帕金森病颅感觉运动干预的证据很少。我们得出的结论是，针对语音和吞咽的靶向训练是一种有前途但研究不足的针对与 PD 相关的颅感觉运动缺陷的干预措施，并认为动物模型可以用于设计基于经验的研究，从而进一步推进靶向训练的科学研究。
