The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia.
Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, District of Columbia 20460, USA.
Environ Int. 2010 May;36(4):390-397. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.02.008. Epub 2010 Mar 16.
Perflurooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) have been used for a variety of applications including fluoropolymer processing, fire-fighting foams and surface treatments since the 1950s. Both PFOS and PFOA are polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs), man-made compounds that are persistent in the environment and humans; some PFCs have shown adverse effects in laboratory animals. Here we describe the application of a simple one compartment pharmacokinetic model to estimate total intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population of urban areas on the east coast of Australia. Key parameters for this model include the elimination rate constants and the volume of distribution within the body. A volume of distribution was calibrated for PFOA to a value of 170ml/kgbw using data from two communities in the United States where the residents' serum concentrations could be assumed to result primarily from a known and characterized source, drinking water contaminated with PFOA by a single fluoropolymer manufacturing facility. For PFOS, a value of 230ml/kgbw was used, based on adjustment of the PFOA value. Applying measured Australian serum data to the model gave mean+/-standard deviation intake estimates of PFOA of 1.6+/-0.3ng/kgbw/day for males and females >12years of age combined based on samples collected in 2002-2003 and 1.3+/-0.2ng/kg bw/day based on samples collected in 2006-2007. Mean intakes of PFOS were 2.7+/-0.5ng/kgbw/day for males and females >12years of age combined based on samples collected in 2002-2003, and 2.4+/-0.5ng/kgbw/day for the 2006-2007 samples. ANOVA analysis was run for PFOA intake and demonstrated significant differences by age group (p=0.03), sex (p=0.001) and date of collection (p<0.001). Estimated intake rates were highest in those aged >60years, higher in males compared to females, and higher in 2002-2003 compared to 2006-2007. The same results were seen for PFOS intake with significant differences by age group (p<0.001), sex (p=0.001) and date of collection (p=0.016).
全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）自 20 世纪 50 年代以来，已被广泛应用于各种领域，包括氟聚合物加工、消防泡沫和表面处理。PFOS 和 PFOA 均为全氟烷基化学品（PFCs），是人造化合物，在环境和人体中持久存在；一些 PFCs 已在实验动物中表现出不良影响。在这里，我们描述了一种简单的一室药代动力学模型在估算澳大利亚东海岸城市地区普通人群的 PFOA 和 PFOS 总摄入量中的应用。该模型的关键参数包括消除率常数和体内分布体积。利用美国两个社区的数据，将 PFOA 的分布体积校准为 170ml/kgbw，在这些社区中，居民的血清浓度主要归因于已知和特征明确的来源，即饮用水受到单一氟聚合物制造设施污染。对于 PFOS，则使用基于 PFOA 值的 230ml/kgbw。将测量到的澳大利亚血清数据应用于模型，得出了年龄在 12 岁以上的男性和女性的 PFOA 摄入量估计值，平均值为 1.6+/-0.3ng/kgbw/day，这是基于 2002-2003 年采集的样本得出的，而基于 2006-2007 年采集的样本得出的平均值为 1.3+/-0.2ng/kgbw/day。基于 2002-2003 年采集的样本，年龄在 12 岁以上的男性和女性的 PFOS 摄入量平均值为 2.7+/-0.5ng/kgbw/day，而 2006-2007 年采集的样本的平均值为 2.4+/-0.5ng/kgbw/day。对 PFOA 摄入量进行方差分析，结果表明，年龄组（p=0.03）、性别（p=0.001）和采集日期（p<0.001）存在显著差异。摄入量最高的是年龄在 60 岁以上的人群，男性高于女性，2002-2003 年高于 2006-2007 年。PFOS 摄入量也呈现出相同的结果，年龄组（p<0.001）、性别（p=0.001）和采集日期（p=0.016）之间存在显著差异。
