Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2011 Jan;101(1):63-70. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.168419. Epub 2010 Mar 18.
We evaluated whether neighborhood characteristics correlated with early neurodevelopment and whether these characteristics confounded the previously reported association between exposure to chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate insecticide) and neurodevelopment.
We obtained prenatal addresses, chlorpyrifos exposure data, and 36-month Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) and Mental Development Index (MDI) scores for a birth cohort in New York City (born 1998-2002). We used data from the 2000 US Census to estimate measures of physical infrastructure, socioeconomic status, crowding, demographic composition, and linguistic isolation for 1-kilometer network areas around each child's prenatal address. Generalized estimating equations were adjusted for demographics, maternal education and IQ, prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke, caretaking environment quality, and building dilapidation.
Of 266 children included as participants, 47% were male, 59% were Dominican, and 41% were African American. For each standard deviation higher in neighborhood percent poverty, the PDI score was 2.6 points lower (95% confidence interval [CI] = -3.7, -1.5), and the MDI score was 1.7 points lower (95% CI = -2.6, -0.8). Neighborhood-level confounding of the chlorpyrifos-neurodevelopment association was not apparent.
Neighborhood context and chlorpyrifos exposure were independently associated with neurodevelopment, thus providing distinct opportunities for health promotion.
我们评估了邻里特征是否与早期神经发育相关，以及这些特征是否会混淆先前报道的氯吡硫磷（一种有机磷杀虫剂）暴露与神经发育之间的关联。
我们获得了纽约市一个出生队列的产前地址、氯吡硫磷暴露数据，以及 36 个月时的精神运动发育指数（PDI）和精神发育指数（MDI）评分（1998-2002 年出生）。我们使用 2000 年美国人口普查数据，估计每个儿童产前地址周围 1 公里网络区域的物理基础设施、社会经济地位、拥挤程度、人口构成和语言隔离程度。广义估计方程调整了人口统计学、母亲教育和智商、产前吸烟暴露、照护环境质量和建筑物破旧程度。
在 266 名纳入研究的儿童中，47%为男性，59%为多米尼加裔，41%为非裔美国人。邻里贫困比例每增加一个标准差，PDI 评分就会降低 2.6 分（95%置信区间 [CI] = -3.7，-1.5），MDI 评分降低 1.7 分（95% CI = -2.6，-0.8）。氯吡硫磷与神经发育之间的关联没有明显的邻里水平混杂。
邻里环境和氯吡硫磷暴露与神经发育独立相关，因此为促进健康提供了独特的机会。
