Comparison between normal values of 2- and 5-minute Schirmer test without anesthesia.

PURPOSE

To compare the 2- and 5-minute Schirmer test I (test without anesthesia) in healthy individuals so as to exploit the possibility of using the 2-minute instead of the 5-minute test.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

162 healthy (81 males and 81 females) individuals (without dry eye symptoms and free of pathology affecting tear secretion and tear drainage), aged between 20 and 85 years, were recruited in the study (3 age-groups: 20-45, 46-65, and 66-85 years). Schirmer test I (test without topical anesthesia) was performed in both eyes simultaneously. The values of tear secretion were recorded in 2 and 5 minutes and compared in relation to age and gender. The patients were asked to comment on the duration and the discomfort they felt.

RESULTS

In 2 minutes, the average tear secretion was 12.71 +/- 2.47 mm (mean +/- SD) for the right eyes and 12.62 +/- 2.09 mm for the left eyes and in 5 minutes, 16.74 +/- 3.59 and 16.831 +/- 3.38 mm, respectively. For confidence interval of 99%, the mean values of tear secretion, in individuals who were expected to have normal secretion, were higher than 10 mm in 2 minutes and higher than 13 mm in 5 minutes (significance level 1% or a = 0.01). Only 5.55% of the eyes presented values <10 mm (7-9.5 mm) in the 2-minute test and values <13 mm (8.5-12.5 mm) in the 5-minute test. There was no significant difference in tear secretion between males and females, between the different age-groups, and between right and left eyes. All the examined individuals expressed their negative comments and considered the test as an unpleasant procedure and consequently preferred the shorter possible duration.

CONCLUSION

The 2-minute test is more acceptable by both the examiners and the examined individuals and may be used, in respect to the above results, as an alternative of the 5-minute test. Normal individuals tend to have Schirmer test I values > or = 10 mm in 2 minutes, irrespective of age and gender.