Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Phytomedicine. 2010 Oct;17(12):911-20. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.02.009. Epub 2010 Mar 31.
Essential oils from three Ethiopian medicinal plants; Hagenia abyssinica (Rosaceae), Leonotis ocymifolia (Lamiaceae), and Moringa stenopetala (Moringaceae) were investigated for their chemical composition, trypanocidal, and cytotoxic activities. Twenty components were identified from the essential oil of H. abyssinica female flowers, ledol (58.57%) being the principal volatile oil component. Sixty-eight components were identified from the essential oil of L. ocymifolia aerial part, caryophyllene oxide (12.06%) being the major component. The essential oil of M. stenopetala seeds was dominated by isothiocyanates; benzyl isothiocyanate (54.30%) and isobutyl isothiocyanate (16.37%) were the major components. The trypanocidal (Trypanosoma b. brucei) and antileukaemic (HL-60) effects of the three essential oils were studied. The oil of M. stenopetala seeds and its main compound, benzyl isothiocyanate showed the most potent trypanocidal activities with IC(50) values of 5.03 μg/ml and 1.20 μg/ml, respectively. The oils of H. abyssinica and L. ocymifolia exhibited trypanocidal activities with IC(50) values of 42.30 μg/ml and 15.41 μg/ml, respectively. Individual components (28 compounds) of the essential oils bearing different functional groups were also studied for their structure-activity relationships using trypanosomes and human leukaemia cells. Cinnamaldehyde (IC(50)=2.93 μg/ml) (a representative for aldehydes), nerolidol (IC(50)=15.78 μg/ml) (an alcohol), cedrene (IC(50)=4.07 μg/ml) (a hydrocarbon), benzyl isothiocyanate (IC(50)=1.20 μg/ml) (a representative for mustard oils), 1,8-cineole (IC(50)=83.15 μg/ml) (an ether), safrole (IC(50)=18.40 μg/ml) (aromatics with allyl and/or methoxy side chains), carvone (IC(50)=12.94μg/ml) (a ketone), styrene oxide (IC(50)=3.76 μg/ml) (an epoxide) and carvacrol (IC(50)=11.25 μg/ml) (a phenol) showed the most potent trypanocidal activities from their respective groups. Of all essential oil components tested, carvone (selectivity index (SI)=17.46) and styrene oxide (SI=19.92) showed good selective indices for the parasite with minimal toxicity on the human leukaemia cells. These compounds could therefore serve as lead structures for the development of trypanocidal agents with higher potency.
三种埃塞俄比亚药用植物的精油；Hagenia abyssinica（蔷薇科）、Leonotis ocymifolia（唇形科）和 Moringa stenopetala（辣木科）的化学成分、杀锥虫和细胞毒性活性进行了研究。从 H. abyssinica 雌花的精油中鉴定出 20 种成分， ledol（58.57%）是主要挥发性油成分。从 L. ocymifolia 地上部分的精油中鉴定出 68 种成分，石竹烯氧化物（12.06%）是主要成分。M. stenopetala 种子的精油以异硫氰酸盐为主；苄基异硫氰酸酯（54.30%）和异丁基异硫氰酸酯（16.37%）是主要成分。三种精油的杀锥虫（布氏锥虫）和抗白血病（HL-60）作用进行了研究。M. stenopetala 种子油及其主要化合物苄基异硫氰酸酯表现出最强的杀锥虫活性，IC50 值分别为 5.03μg/ml 和 1.20μg/ml。H. abyssinica 和 L. ocymifolia 的精油表现出杀锥虫活性，IC50 值分别为 42.30μg/ml 和 15.41μg/ml。还研究了具有不同官能团的精油的 28 种单个成分（28 种化合物），以使用锥虫和人白血病细胞研究它们的结构-活性关系。肉桂醛（IC50=2.93μg/ml）（醛的代表）、橙花叔醇（IC50=15.78μg/ml）（醇）、雪松烯（IC50=4.07μg/ml）（烃）、苄基异硫氰酸酯（IC50=1.20μg/ml）（芥末油的代表）、1,8-桉叶素（IC50=83.15μg/ml）（醚）、黄樟素（IC50=18.40μg/ml）（具有丙烯基和/或甲氧基侧链的芳烃）、香芹酮（IC50=12.94μg/ml）（酮）、氧化苯乙烯（IC50=3.76μg/ml）（环氧化物）和香芹酚（IC50=11.25μg/ml）（酚）是各自组中杀锥虫活性最强的化合物。在所测试的所有精油成分中，香芹酮（选择性指数（SI）=17.46）和氧化苯乙烯（SI=19.92）对人类白血病细胞的毒性最小，对寄生虫具有良好的选择性指数。因此，这些化合物可以作为开发具有更高效力的杀锥虫剂的先导结构。
