Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000, Bern 9, Switzerland.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Aug;109(6):1077-86. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1455-1. Epub 2010 Apr 4.
Attempting to achieve the high diversity of training goals in modern competitive alpine skiing simultaneously can be difficult and may lead to compromised overall adaptation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of block training periodization on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and parameters of exercise performance in elite junior alpine skiers. Six female and 15 male athletes were assigned to high-intensity interval (IT, N = 13) or control training groups (CT, N = 8). IT performed 15 high-intensity aerobic interval (HIT) sessions in 11 days. Sessions were 4 x 4 min at 90-95% of maximal heart rate separated by 3-min recovery periods. CT continued their conventionally mixed training, containing endurance and strength sessions. Before and 7 days after training, subjects performed a ramp incremental test followed by a high-intensity time-to-exhaustion (tlim) test both on a cycle ergometer, a 90-s high-box jump test as well as countermovement (CMJ) and squat jumps (SJ) on a force plate. IT significantly improved relative VO2max by 6.0% (P < 0.01; male +7.5%, female +2.1%), relative peak power output by 5.5% (P < 0.01) and power output at ventilatory threshold 2 by 9.6% (P < 0.01). No changes occurred for these measures in CT. tlim remained unchanged in both groups. High-box jump performance was significantly improved in males of IT only (4.9%, P < 0.05). Jump peak power (CMJ -4.8%, SJ -4.1%; P < 0.01), but not height decreased in IT only. For competitive alpine skiers, block periodization of HIT offers a promising way to efficiently improve VO2max and performance. Compromised explosive jump performance might be associated with persisting muscle fatigue.
尝试同时实现现代竞技高山滑雪的高度多样化训练目标可能很困难，并且可能导致整体适应能力下降。因此，我们研究了块状训练分期对精英青少年高山滑雪运动员最大摄氧量（VO2max）和运动表现参数的影响。将 6 名女性和 15 名男性运动员分为高强度间歇（IT，N=13）或对照训练组（CT，N=8）。IT 在 11 天内进行了 15 次高强度有氧间歇（HIT）训练。每次训练为 4x4 分钟，心率达到最大心率的 90-95%，间隔 3 分钟恢复期。CT 继续进行传统的混合训练，包括耐力和力量训练。在训练前和训练后 7 天，受试者在自行车测力计上进行了递增斜坡测试，随后进行了高强度至力竭（tlim）测试，还在力量板上进行了 90 秒高箱跳测试以及反向（CMJ）和深蹲跳（SJ）测试。IT 显著提高了相对 VO2max（男性提高 7.5%，女性提高 2.1%，P<0.01）、相对峰值功率输出（提高 5.5%，P<0.01）和通气阈 2 时的功率输出（提高 9.6%，P<0.01）。CT 中这些测量值没有变化。tlim 在两组中均保持不变。仅 IT 组男性的高箱跳成绩显著提高（4.9%，P<0.05）。只有 IT 组的跳跃峰值功率（CMJ 降低 4.8%，SJ 降低 4.1%，P<0.01），而高度没有降低。对于竞技高山滑雪运动员来说，HIT 的块状分期为有效提高 VO2max 和运动表现提供了一种有前途的方法。爆发力跳跃表现受损可能与持续的肌肉疲劳有关。
